Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
A university Student in Nairobi, Kenya, was stopped for a traffic violation the other day. The policeman took out his ticket book and asked, "What tribe are you?" In Lusaka, Zambia(赞比亚), a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionist's desk and asked, "What tribe is he?" When the receptionist told him that the manager was a Mashona(马绍那人), the applicant replied, "Then I'll never get the job."
This phenomenon is called tribalism (部落制). There are more than 2,000 tribes in black Africa. Each has its own language, customs, names, and physical characteristics that make its members almost immediately recognizable to a person from another tribe. To the Westerner, tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand. It makes many people think of savagely(野性), warfare, or old-fashioned customs.
However, to most Africans, tribalism simply means very strong loyalty to one's ethnic group. It is a force that can be both good and bad. By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family. It makes sure that a person is taken cam of by his own group. To give a job to a fellow tribesman is not wrong; it is an obligation. Similarly, for a politician or military leader, it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe. This ensures security, continuity, authority. Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion—from soldier to captain, from clerk to manager—within a very short time.
Modem African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions. Yet it remains perhaps the most powerful force in day to day African life. As evidence of tribalism, in 1977 in Kenya, President Jomo Kenyatta' s Kikuyu(基库尤人) tribe controlled business and politics. Eight of the 21 cabinet (内阁)pests, including the most important four, were filled by Kikuyus. In Ugandain the same year, the President's small Kakwa tribe filled almost all the highest government and military positions. In Angola, Ethiopia, and Nigeria, the fighting in the past ten years can be partly explained by disagreements among tribes.
One country that has largely avoided tribal problems is Tanzania. Some observers say this is partly because Tanzania has so many tribes (about 120) that none has been able to become a major force.
The applicant replied, "Then I'll never get the job." because ______.
A.he was a Mashona
B.he was not a Mashona
C.be could do the job
D.he had no such ability
第1题
爆破器材保管员在保管、发放爆破器材时,做法正确的是()。
A对无爆破员安全作业证不发放爆破器材
B领取手续不完备,可先交押金领取爆破器材,过后补齐手续
C虽手续不完备,但具备爆破经验,可发放爆破器材
第2题
A.领取手续不完备,可先交押金领取爆破器材,过后补齐手续
B.对无爆破员安全作业证不发放爆破器材
C.虽手续不完备,但具备爆破经验,可发放爆破器材
第4题
下列属于爆破器材保管员的职责的是,________。
A 负责验收、保管、发放和统计爆破器材
B 不必参加过期、失效、变质爆破器材的销毁工作
C 对无爆破员安全作业证的人,不得发放爆破器材
D 及时统计、报告质量有问题及过期变质失效的爆破器材
第5题
爆破器材保管员负责验收、保管、发放和统计爆破器材,并保持完备的____。
A 状态
B 记录
C 手续
第7题
在矿山,负责验收、保管、发放、统计爆破器材,并保持完备记录的是()
A:爆破员
B:保管员
C:安全员
第8题
爆破器材保管员和押运员必须熟练掌握的专业技术和方法有_________。
A爆破器材的库的通讯、照明、温度、湿度、通风、防火、防电和防雷要求
B爆破器材库的外观检查、贮存、保管、统计和发放
C爆破器材的报废与销毁方法
D意外爆炸事故的抢救技术
第9题
爆破器材保管员和押运员应了解的专业基本知识有_________。
A爆破器材库类型、结构
B爆破器材的种类、性能
C爆破器材的爆炸性能检验
D爆破器材的应用条件
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