But to make life-or-death decisions on behalf of a dying person unable to communicate his or her wishes is to enter a moral and legal minefield. Could a doctor be sued for withholding treatment and allowing someone to dieor for not allowing him or her to die? Could it ever be lawful to withhold food and water?
Legal moves are afoot which may settle these questions. Recently, a group on voluntary euthanasia proposed legislation to make documents known as "Advance Directives", or Living Wills, legally binding.
An Advance Directive sets out the kind of medical treatment a person wishes to receive, or not receive, should he or she ever be in a condition that prevents them expressing those wishes. Such documents, much in vogue in the US and some Commonwealth countries, are becoming increasingly popular in Britain.
A clear distinction must be drawn between actions requested by an Advance Directive, and active euthanasia, or "mercy killing". A doctor who took a positive step such as giving a lethal injection-to help a patient die would, as the law stands, be guilty of murder or aiding and abetting suicide, depending on the circumstances.
An Advance Directive, however, requests only passive euthanasia: the withholding of medical treatment aimed solely at sustaining the life of a patient who is terminally ill or a vegetable. The definition of medical treatment, in such circumstances, can include food and water. The enforceability of the Advance Directive stems from the notion, long accepted in English law, that a person who is both old enough to make an informed decision and compos mentis, is entitled to refuse any medical treatment offered by a doctor, even if that refusal leads to the person's death. A doctor who forces treatment on a patient against his or her wishes is, therefore, guilty of an assault. Case law exists in the US and several Commonwealth countries that extends this right of autonomy over one's life to patients who write an Advance Directive refusing treatment and subsequently lose their previously made instructions any differently.
It will be a relief over the death of a friend or a relative if the friend or relative dies from ______.
A.a traffic accident
B.an acute infectious disease
C.heart attack
D.a three-year coma (昏迷)
第1题
对新入院患者需要了解其独立生活功能,该评定称之为功能独立性评定(FIM)。做好该项评定,需要掌握独立生活功能缺陷测量的具体指标
FIM评定为部分依赖时,最小量的接触帮助是指
A.患者付出的力在全部用力的50%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
B.患者付出的力在全部用力的60%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
C.患者付出的力在全部用力的65%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
D.患者付出的力在全部用力的75%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
E.患者付出的力在全部用力的80%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
第2题
对新入院患者需要了解其独立生活功能,该评定称之为功能独立性评定(FIM)。做好该项评定,需要掌握独立生活功能缺陷测量的具体指标
FIM评定为部分依赖时,最小量的接触帮助是指
A.患者付出的力在全部用力的50%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
B.患者付出的力在全部用力的60%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
C.患者付出的力在全部用力的65%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
D.患者付出的力在全部用力的75%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
E.患者付出的力在全部用力的80%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
第3题
A.病人付出的力在全部用力的65%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
B.病人付出力在全部用力在50%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
C.病人付出的力在全部用力在60%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
D.病人付出的力全部用力的80%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
E.病人付出的力在全部用力的75%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
第4题
A.患者付出的力在全部用力的50%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
B.患者付出的力在全部用力的60%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
C.患者付出的力在全部用力的65%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
D.患者付出的力在全部用力的75%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
E.患者付出的力在全部用力的80%以上,仅需他人有少量身体接触的帮助
第7题
功能独立性评定(FIM)是适用于独立生活上有功能缺陷患者独立生活功能的测量指标,其测量方法包括
A.康复功能评定方法
B.直接功能评估和间接功能评估
C.直接观察患者实际生活中的动作
D.直接功能评估、间接功能评估和通讯评估
E.请患者完成指定的动作,确定患者完成情况
第8题
功能独立性评定(FIM)是适用于独立生活上有功能缺陷患者独立生活功能的测量指标,其测量方法包括
A.康复功能评定方法
B.直接功能评估和间接功能评估
C.直接观察患者实际生活中的动作
D.直接功能评估、间接功能评估和通讯评估
E.请患者完成指定的动作,确定患者完成情况
第10题
FIM评定与ADL评定的主要区别是
A、FIM有洗澡的评定
B、ADL有45米行走的评定
C、FIM有认知功能的评定
D、FIM有记忆的评定
E、FIM有理解能力的评定
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