Political Spins
Last week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton "chutzpah" (大胆放肆). With just one sentence, Snow managed to make headlines, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly. this is how battles are fought and won in US politics - with carefully-worded one-liners (一行字幕新闻) made for TV which often lack substance and clarity (清晰度).
"The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller," said Mark Smith, a political science professor al Cedarville University. This has been accompanied by a changing media environment, Smith said. In 1968, the average TV or radio soundbite (演讲中的句子或短语) was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In 1996, the average soundbite had shrunk (缩短) to 8 seconds. Thus, politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible.
Campaigning politicians als0 use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans (口号) to boost their messages. Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the "Straight-Talk Express". McCain hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth - whether it's in fashion or not. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, on the other hand, has chosen the campaign slogan "Let the conversation begin". She hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly.
But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political "spin". Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan (无党派的) website FactCheck.org, calls spin "just a polite word for deception (欺骗)."
"I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin," said Jackson.
"Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong."
Which statement is NOT true of one-liners?
A.They are unclear.
B.They contain a lot of information.
C.They lack substance.
D.They are carefully constructed.
第1题
患者女性,72岁右眼突然视物模糊,眼胀痛,既往双眼高度近视(-8.00DS)眼部检查视力:右眼:0.02左眼:0.8(矫正)右眼睫状充血,角膜上皮水肿,瞳孔直径8mm,6点位周边前房深<1/4CT,晶状体皮质轻度浑浊眼底模糊可见C/D不大,左眼周边前房深度>1CT,右眼最可能的诊断是
A、慢性闭角型青光眼
B、晶状体过敏性青光眼
C、急性闭角型青光眼
D、继发闭角型青光眼
E、恶性青光眼
第4题
A.青光眼
B.白内障
C.沙眼
D.结膜炎
E.交感性眼炎
第5题
A.青光眼
B.白内障
C.老年性黄斑变性
D.老视
第6题
患者女,82岁,右眼红痛2天,检查右眼视力:FC/10cm,光方向准确,结膜混合充血(),角膜水肿(),前房轴深4-5CT,周边2/3CT,前房有白色细小颗粒,虹膜震颤,瞳孔直径3.5mm左右,晶状体白色全混浊,囊膜轻微皱缩,眼压45mmHg。左眼视力0.2,角膜透明,前房轴深4CT,周边约1/2CT,晶状体混浊。眼压13mmHg。该患者右眼诊断为A、右眼原发性青光眼,老年性白内障膨胀期
B、右眼继发性青光眼,老年性白内障膨胀期
C、右眼继发性青光眼,老年性白内障成熟期
D、右眼继发性青光眼,老年性白内障过熟期
E、右眼原发性青光眼,老年性白内障成熟期
对右眼应选择何种治疗方案为宜A、尽快选择青光眼滤过手术
B、药物降眼压,尽快选择青光眼滤过手术
C、药物降眼压,尽快行白内障摘除手术
D、青光眼滤过手术联合白内障摘除手术
E、药物降眼压,不必手术
白内障手术方式选择A、白内障囊内摘除术
B、单纯白内障囊外摘除术
C、白内障囊内摘除联合人工晶状体植入术
D、超声乳化白内障吸出联合人工晶状体植入术
E、以上均不适合
第7题
A.眼前房
B.瞳孔
C.眼后房
D.前房角
E.晶状体
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