Global Warming and Climate Change
What Are Global Warming and Climate Change?
Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to an increase in average global temperatures. This is caused primarily by increase in "greenhouse" gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
What Is the Greenhouse Effect?
The term greenhouse is used in conjunction with the phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect.
Energy from the sun drives the earth's weather and climate, and heats the earth's surface;
In turn, the earth radiates energy back into space;
Some atmospheric gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse;
These gases are therefore known as greenhouse gases;
The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature on Earth as certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy.
Six main gases considered to be contributing to global climate change are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) (which is 20 times as potent (强有力的) a greenhouse gas as carbon dioxide) and nitrous oxide (N2O), plus three fluorinated industrial gases: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). Water vapor is also considered a greenhouse gas.
Many of these greenhouse gases are actually life-enabling, for without them, heat would escape back into space and the Earth's average temperature would be a lot colder. However, if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, then more heat gets trapped than needed, and the Earth might become less habitable for humans, plants and animals. What Are the Impacts of Global Warming?
For decades, greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide have been increasing in the atmosphere. But why does that matter? Won't warmer weather be nicer for everyone? Rapid Changes in Global Temperature
A documentary aired on the National Geographic Channel in Britain on August 9, 2003 was titled What's Up with the Weather. it noted that the levels of carbon dioxide, for example, were currently at their highest levels in the past 450,000 years.
Increased greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect is feared to contribute to an overall warming of the Earth's climate, leading to a global warming (even though some regions may experience cooling, or wetter weather, while the temperature of the planet on average would rise).
However, it is the rapid pace at which the temperature will rise that will result in many negative impacts to humans and the environment and this is why there is such a world-wide concern. Extreme Weather Patterns
Most scientists believe that the warming of the climate will lead to more extreme weather patterns such as:
More hurricanes and drought;
Longer spells of dry heat or intense raja (depending on where you are in the world);
Scientists have pointed out that Northern Europe could be severely affected with colder weather if climate change continues, as the arctic begins to melt and send fresher waters further south.
It would effectively cut off the Gulf Stream that brings warmth from the Gulf of Mexico, keeping countries such as Britain warmer than expected;
In South Asia, the Himalayan glaciers (冰川) could retreat causing water scarcity in the long Super-storms
Mentioned further above was the concern that more hurricanes could result. The link used was from the environmental organization WWF, written back in 1999. In August/September 2004 a wave of severe hurricanes left many Caribbean islands and parts of South Eastern United States devastated. In the Caribbean many lives were lost and there was i
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第1题
下列有关胸腺瘤的描述正确的是
A.只要病人身体状况允许,胸腺瘤一经发现原则上应手术切除
B.重症肌无力绝大多数都伴有胸腺瘤
C.良性胸腺瘤通常不需手术切除
D.胸腺瘤合并有重症肌无力者,术后都应该常规进行局部放射治疗
E.胸腺瘤绝大多数都伴有重症肌无力
第2题
下述有关胸腺瘤的描述恰当的是()
A.只要病人身体状况允许,胸腺瘤一经发现原则上应手术切除
B.胸腺瘤合并有重症肌无力者,术后都应该常规进行局部放射治疗
C.重症肌无力绝大多数都伴有胸腺瘤
D.胸腺瘤绝大多数都伴有重症肌无力
E.良性胸腺瘤通常不需手术切除
第3题
A.重症肌无力患者无论是否合并胸腺瘤,做胸腺扩大切除手术都有意义
B.重症肌无力病人合并有胸腺瘤的几率男性较女性为高
C.对于患有重症肌无力的病人常规都应该行胸部CT或MRI检查以了-解是否合并胸腺瘤
D.胸腺瘤病人重症肌无力的发生率随年龄的增长而增加
E.多数重症肌无力病人都合并有胸腺瘤
第4题
A.胸腺瘤患者重症肌无力的发生率随年龄的增长而增加
B.重症肌无力患者中半数以上合并有胸腺瘤或胸腺增生异常
C.重症肌无力患者合并有胸腺瘤的概率男性较女性为高
D.对于患有重症肌无力的患者常规都应做胸部 CT或MRI检查以了解是否合并胸腺瘤
E.重症肌无力患者无论是否合并胸腺瘤,做胸腺扩大切除手术都有意义
第5题
A.胸腺瘤患者重症肌力的发生率随年龄的增长而增加
B.重症肌无力患者中半数以上合并有胸腺瘤或胸腺增生异常
C.重症肌无力,患者合并有胸腺瘤的概率男性较女性为高
D.对患有重症肌无力的患者常规都应做胸部 CT或MRI检查以了解是否合并胸腺瘤
E.重症肌无力患者无论是否合并胸腺瘤,做胸腺扩大切除手术都有意义
第6题
关于胸腺瘤与重症肌无力关系的描述哪一项是正确
A、多数良性胸腺瘤患者合并重症肌无力
B、恶性胸腺瘤患者不合并重症肌无力
C、多数重症肌无力患者合并胸腺瘤或胸腺增生
D、是否伴有重症肌无力和是否有侵袭性是决定胸腺瘤预后的重要因素
E、胸腺瘤切除后重症肌无力可能缓解不明显,但不会加重
第7题
A.好发于前上纵隔
B.可以伴有重症肌无力
C.有可能在细胞组织形态上为良性,但在生长方式上有恶性特征(侵袭生长)
D.手术切除胸腺瘤后,伴有的重症肌无力都可消失
E.胸腺瘤手术切除范围包括完整胸腺及前纵隔脂肪组织
第8题
A.好发于前上纵隔
B.可以伴有重症肌无力
C.有可能在细胞组织形态上为良性,但在生长方式上有恶性特征(侵袭生长)
D.手术切除胸腺瘤后,伴有的重症肌无力都可消失
E.胸腺瘤手术切除范围包括完整胸腺及前纵隔脂肪组织
第9题
有关胸腺瘤哪个叙述不正确
A、好发于前上纵隔
B、可以伴有重症肌无力
C、有可能在细胞组织形态上为良性,但侵袭生长的恶性行为
D、手术切除胸腺瘤后,伴有重症肌无力都可消失
E、胸腺瘤手术治疗应完整切除胸腺及前纵隔脂肪组织
第10题
关于胸腺瘤下列叙述正确的是
A、外科手术是胸腺瘤治疗的首选方法,要尽可能完整切除或尽可能切除肿瘤
B、对浸润型胸腺瘤术后一律给予术后放疗
C、Ⅰ期胸腺瘤不需要常规术后放疗
D、对晚期胸腺瘤(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期),应积极给予放疗或化疗,仍有获得长期生存的可能
E、以上都正确
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