Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr. Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership, in both the political and business spheres. Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved." In short, hard power is preferable to soft power. But modern leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.
The context of leadership is changing, they observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modern companies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies (等级制) are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion, Mr. Nye argues. Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls "smart power”, is the best approach.
The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the “transformational leadership pattern”. Anyone allergic (反感) to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr. Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume. He examines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a particular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, both historical and contemporary, political and corporate.
Alas, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr. Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall. He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadership—in particular, the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie—and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions. A recurring theme is that as circumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required; a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another, and vice versa. Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.
From the first two paragraphs we may learn that Mr. Machiavelli's idea of hard power is ______.
A.well accepted by Joseph Nye
B.very influential till nowadays
C.based on sound theories
D.contrary to that of modern leadership theorists
第1题
有关妇女保健工作的宗旨,正确的描述是
A、定期进行妇女常见病、多发病的普查普治
B、积极开展围产期保健
C、维护和促进妇女身心健康
D、做好妇女劳动保护
E、积极开展妇女保健咨询
第2题
有关妇女保健工作的宗旨,正确的描述是
A、定期进行妇女常见病、多发病的普查普治
B、积极开展围生期保健
C、维护和促进妇女身心健康
D、做好妇女劳动保护
E、积极开展妇女保健咨询
第5题
A.保护妇女身心健康,关系到中华民族素质的全面提高
B.定期开展妇女病普查普治,可以做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗
C.每半年对女性进行普查,可以提高疾病的治愈率
D.普及新法接生,提高产科质量,降低孕产妇死亡率
E.根据妇女生理特点,协助有关部门制定劳动条例及规定
第6题
对于妇女病及恶性肿瘤的普查普治,下列错误的是
A、定期对育龄妇女进行妇女常见病及恶性肿瘤的普查普治工作
B、每半年普查一次
C、中老年妇女以防癌为重点
D、做到早发现、早期诊断和早期治疗
E、降低发病率,提高治愈率,维护妇女健康
第7题
下列有关妇女保健工作的意义,不正确的描述是()。
A.保护妇女身心健康,关系到中华民族素质的全面提高
B.定期开展妇女病普查普治,可以做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗
C.每半年对女性进行普查,可以提高疾病的治愈率
D.普及新法接生,提高产科质量,降低孕产妇死亡率
E.根据妇女生理特点,协助有关部门制定劳动条例及规定
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