There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certain amount of financial capital (which will "create jobs") are allowed to immigrate: A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise established in a high-unemployment area, which creates jobs for at least ten Americans, is automatically given immigrant status (i.e., a green card). We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital.
Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their Ph. D. s must be sponsored by their employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers.
The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the U. S. Department of Labor must, on the basis of a U. S. employer's sponsorship, certify that "no American can do this job." Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). If all goes right, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go right: there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer or the "alien" must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer (and hence, it unfairly penalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent).
The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year, it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel.
We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Ph. D. in the science and engineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a "guaranteed green card" proposal, we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equal weight to human capital and financial capital.
Prior to this text, the author has most probably made an analysis of ______.
A.brain gain in the United States.
B.the cause of problems of the black people.
C.the U. S educational programs for blacks.
D.the procedure of foreign students' immigration.
第1题
A.机组人员;
B.正在执行任务的民航局或者地区管理局的监察员或委任代表;
C.得到机长允许并且其进入驾驶舱对于安全运行是必需或者有益的人员
D.经机长同意,并经公共航空运输企业特别批准的其他人员
第2题
A.按照分工对航空器驾驶舱和客舱实施安保检查
B.制止未经授权的人员或物品进入驾驶舱和客舱
C.对严重危害飞行安全的行为,采取必要的措施
D.对扰乱航空器内秩序或妨碍机组成员履行职责,且不听劝阻的,采取必要的管束措施,或在起飞前、降落后要求其离机
第3题
A.按照分工对航空器驾驶舱和客舱实施安保检查
B.根据安全保卫工作需要查验旅客及机组成员以外的工作人员的登机凭证
C.制止未经授权的人员或物品进入驾驶舱或客舱
D.对严重危害飞行安全的行为采取必要的措施
第4题
A.飞行关键阶段
B. 执行任务的机组成员需要进入驾驶舱
C. C特许人员有必要进入驾驶舱时
D. 加机组人员需要进入驾驶舱
第5题
A.对航空器实施保安检查
B.根据需要检查旅客登机牌及相关证件
C.对受到威胁的航空器进行搜查,妥善处置发现的爆炸物燃烧物和其他可疑物品
D.制止未经授权的人员或物品进入驾驶舱
第6题
A.对航空器客舱实施保安检查
B.制止未经授权的人员或物品进入驾驶舱
C.防范和制止非法干扰行为等严重危害飞行安全的行为
D.法律、行政法规规定的其他职责
第7题
A.执行航班飞行任务的民用航空器在机坪短暂停留期间.由机场管理机构负责监护
B.航空器在机场过夜或未执行航班飞行任务停放期间.应当由公共航空运输企业自行守护
C.航空器监护人员接收和移交监护任务时.应当与机务人员办理交接手续,填写记录,双方签字
D.航空器停放区域应当有充足的照明.确保守护人员及巡逻人员能够及时发现未经授权的非法接触
第8题
A.按照分工对航空器驾驶舱和客舱实施安保检查
B.根据安全保卫工作需要查验旅客随身携带的行李物品
C.制止未经授权的人员或物品进入驾驶舱或客舱
D.对扰乱航空器内秩序或妨碍机组成员履行职责.且不听劝阻的,采取必要的管束措施,或在起飞前、降落后要求其离机
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