Vivek Wadhwas research found that______.A．the aged were more likely to start a business th

The author introduces his topic by______.

A．posing a contrast

B．justifying an assumption

C．explaining a phenomenon

D．making a comparison

_____attention has been paid to the flip side of the jobless recovery: the【C3】______improvement in American productivity. When the economy【C4】______in 2008, there was little of the fall in labor productivity that normally【C5】______a recession, and this was not just a one-off "batting average" effect(in which average productivity rises because the worst performers are fired). Rather, it was a productivity boost that has continued【C6】______expert predictions that workers can only be【C7】______so hard for a short while. In the third quarter of 2011, American labor productivity was 2.3% higher than in the same period a year earlier. Manufacturing productivity in that quarter rose by 2. 9% compared with a year earlier. Americas productivity growth has been more【C8】______than most other rich countries—a feat【C9】______to its flexible labor market and a culture of enterprise. Two things could keep productivity rising. First, workers are terrified of losing their jobs. This makes it easier to persuade them to put in extra hours or【C10】______new tasks. Second, tough times are forcing firms to【C11】______every brain cell to become more efficient. Sealed Air, for example, has made numerous incremental tweaks, such as【C12】______a machine that makes absorbent pads for supermarket meat trays so that its output increased from 400 units per hour three years ago to 550—with the same number of workers. The【C13】______of firms to invest in such enhancements has varied【C14】______Some would rather hoard cash or buy back their own shares【C15】______spend it on more efficient machinery or information technology. Yet there are【C16】______that leading industrial firms are starting to increase their capital spending, says Jeff Sprague of Vertical Research Partners, a research outfit. In particular, he has noticed firms investing in "debottlenecking" which,【C17】______its name suggests, means removing hold-ups in production processes, sometimes with an additional production line. 【C18】______short, the recession has forced American firms to become more muscular. This should help them【C19】______when the good times return. It should also give them an edge【C20】______foreign rivals.

【C1】

A．reluctant

B．responsible

C．required

D．resolute

in a small town. Write a letter: 1)ask for information regarding such things as the contents of the exhibition, 2)the dates of its opening and closing, any discounts. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei "instead. Do not write your address.

n one is negative: a thinner pay packet harms self-esteem. The lesser-known one is called the " tunnel effect" : high incomes for peers are seen as improving your own chances of similar riches, especially if growth, inequality and mobility are high. A paper authored by Tom Dorson of the University of St Andrews separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany. Previous work showed that the income of others can have a small, or even positive, overall effect on peoples satisfaction in individual firms. But Mr. Dorsons team hypothesized that older workers, who largely know their lifetime incomes already, will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect. The data confirm this hypothesis. The negative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for people aged under 45. It is only those people over 45, when careers have "reached a stable position" , whose happiness is harmed by the success of others.

Which of the following statements is true according to last two paragraphs?

A．Manufacturing sector doesn"t get as much return from scientific research as it deserves.

B．Most of multinational companies" initiatives in R. & D. nowadays are based in emerging countries.

C．Preferential tax code gives an effective incentive for companies to conduct R. & D.

D．President Obama, realizing the innovative capacity of manufacturing, has issued a series of R. & D. tax credits.

_.

A．closing the wealth gap between the top and bottom earners

B．eliminating income polarization to achieve common prosperity

C．creating more opportunities for the middle class to make more money

D．stabilizing the structure of income distribution with more middle-income jobs

In Paragraph 4, the author is mainly discussing______.

A．the fall in employment rate in manufacturing sector

B．the income level of workers engaged in manufacturing

C．the wage inequality across different economic sectors

D．the growing productivity in manufacturing sector

Germany and Japan are mentioned in Paragraph 3 as______.

A．negative examples of developed countries who neglect the development of manufacturing

B．warnings for Americans about potential competition in global manufacturing export market

C．successful examples of countries who have recovered from economic crisis by focusing on manufacturing

D．successful examples of developed countries who maintained competitive edge in manufacturing

can

A．change the economic growth mode of America

B．solve the problem brought by debt crisis

C．curb the imports from emerging countries

D．cause appreciation in American dollar" s value

The authors attitude toward the outlook of oil price in the future is______.

A．pessimistic

B．optimistic

C．indifferent

D．unclear