Of the great variety of opinions concerning"marriage for money",the following three are im

as a full chorus of spring peepers. It is not only that the voices of living things are calling once more after the long silence of winter,there is something about the atmosphere in which the chorus takes place that epitomizes the season. There is a certain moist smell in the air on rainy spring nights,slow mists rise from rafts of ice floating in dark marshes,everywhere on roads through wet areas the small white forms of migrating spring peepers,wood frogs,green frogs,and pickerel frogs appear,and all around you the air will be filled with a high bell-like ringing,a little like a distant horse-drawn sleigh. That distant chorus is the voice of the spring peeper,a small tree frog no larger than the end of a little finger. Throughout history naturally have referred to it as the voice of spring. In actuality you may be a long way from the pond or marsh that the peepers are calling from. The voice of spring peepers can carry as much as a mile on still spring nights,and once you learn to recognize the song,there will be nights when it is difficult to escape their incessant calling. The sound will accompany you through spring,a sort of background music to the events that will be taking place around you during the season.

What is the best title for this passage?

A．Spring Comes to the Country

B．The Voice of spring

C．Migration of Frogs

D．A Rainy Spring Night

So naturally, many people are concerned with the question: Am I getting enough vitamins, and am I getting the right kind? Even though very small amounts of each vitamin are enough for the needs of the body, the worry people have about vitamins has some basis. And this has something to do with their diet—the food they take in. A person eating a good variety of foods gets all the vitamins now known to be needed(with the possible exception of Vitamin D). The problem is that there are many people who dont choose foods wisely, dont get enough variety, and dont eat the basic foods they need to get their vitamins. So the answer to this question is: no extra vitamins are needed, providing you eat proper foods. In fact, many of the vitamins cannot be stored in the body, so when extra vitamins taken in, the body simply gets rid of them. It is even harmful to put too much of certain vitamins into the body. This has been found to be true of Vitamin A and D, when large amounts are taken in. What foods supply what vitamins? Here is a quick general idea. Vitamin A, for the health of the eyes, skin, teeth, and bones, is found in green vegetables, fruits, eggs, liver and butter. Vitamin Bl which helps the nervous and digestive system and prevents certain diseases, is found in cereals, pork and liver. Vitamin B2 is found in milk, eggs, green vegetables and meats. Vitamin C, which helps bones and teeth, is found in tomatoes, certain fruits and vegetables. These are only a few of the most important vitamins the body needs.

Vitamin A is needed by____and can be found in____.

A．bones pork

B．nervous system milk

C．eyes green vegetables

D．teeth meats

everything. They dont like American tourists wearing jeans to go into their luxurious and exquisite five-star restaurants. So one of the restaurants put a notice outside its front door. It read "No trousers, please! " A gourmet coffee was sold in Tokyo as an antidote to stress. Its name supposedly meant to people that it would soothe the troubled breast. Yet when it was printed in English, it turned out to be "Ease Your Bosoms". Swedes started a promotion stunt to promote the sales of their vacuum cleaner named Electro. Their original ad slogan was translated as "Nothing sucks Like Electro". The General Motors selling of Chevrolet was very bad in South America. And the reason? The translation of this brand sounds like "no va", which means "It doesnt go" in Spanish. When Pepsi-cola invaded the huge Chinese and German markets, the efforts initially fizzled. The products slogan, "Come alive with the Pepsi generation", was rendered into German as "come out of the grave with Pepsi". Coca-Cola also discovered something had gone wrong in Taiwan. The Chinese characters chosen for the world-famous product sound like "Bite the Wax Tadpole". A beer companys slogan "Turn it loose" became, in Spanish, equivalent to "suffer from diarrhea". A company translated its sticky tape slogan into Japanese and came up with a sticky problem. The slogan "Sticks like crazy" became literally "it sticks foolishly" in Japanese. A tonic produced in China is made of royal jelly and is supposed to be very effective for some chronic diseases. Yet it was translated as "oral liquid", which means "saliva" in English. In the brochure, it was described in this way: "it tastes like medicine", when the language in the original meant to use it as a food therapy. Even the wrong nonverbal cue can bring havoc to a product. A baby food company initially packaged their African products just the same as in the U.S. —with a cute baby picture on the jar. They didnt realize that because so many Africans cannot read, nearly all packaged products sold in African carry pictures of what is inside. Pureed baby! How horrible! In an Asian city, where traffic is really very bad, to secure peoples safety, the municipal government has built underground passageways. Pedestrians are asked to use them whenever they need to cross the main street. A sign was posted once on the roadside, pointing to the entrance to an underground passageway, intending to notify English-speaking passengers, "Go underground" . We chuckled at such clumsy translations. Is there anything wrong in the language? We must be aware that few words and idioms can be literally translated. Its best to hire the best for translation. Dont take it for granted that as long as one speaks a little English, he is autonomously able to do the translation. It takes a while to learn to be a good translator.

"No trousers, please! "sounds funny on the front door of a five-star restaurant, because it could mean "_____" in English.

A．Take off your trousers, then come in, please

B．We don"t sell any trousers here

C．We don"t have any pairs of trousers here

D．Anyone who does not wear trousers is not welcome

stants state-of-the-art boutique, you find yourself in the kingdom of Pariss king of chocolate, where the humble cocoa bean is turned into mouth-watering chocolate Easter eggs. Constant, who is a chef, admits that chocolate is his passion and main interest in life. He first developed a fascination with chocolate when he was working for Gaston Lentre, a famous French pastry chef. Every year he has a theme for decorating Easter eggs:this year his decorations are inspired by "Art Nouveau" . Tonight he has a dinner for 130 to organize and he has to prepare a three-foot-high Art Nouveau-style. Easter egg by noon tomorrow. This, for Constant, is a normal schedule. Constant believes that his chocolate creations are as much of a work of art as other sculptures. It is, therefore, understandable that the restaurant, which he opened last month, is situated in the National Monuments Museum in Paris. During the day the restaurant is a tearoom and offers chocolate in every imaginable form. Customers can choose from a selection of sweet chocolate desserts or try the more exotic spicy chocolates. Constant is also a professional "nose", working closely with the French Institute of Taste. He is capable of identifying 450 different tastes and flavors. Constant explains that the mouth, which can only taste four things—salt, sweet, acid and bitter—is "stupid" in comparison to the nose. He believes that the nose is everything. In his book The Taste of Chocolate, he explains how in 1502 Christopher Columbus came across an island and went ashore. He was greeted by an Indian chief bearing gifts, among which were huge sacks of beans which Columbus thought was local currency. To his surprise, they prepared a drink for him. But Columbus, who disliked the odd bitter taste, continued on his travels, ignorant of the fact that he had just tasted cocoa. Like Columbus, Constant travels the cocoa countries where he checks quality and works with local experts. Quality can vary depending on the region, year, and method of preparation. According to Constant, Venezuela and Trinidad have the best cocoa beans, which they export all over the world either as beans or as cocoa. Constant, who is a hard worker, only sleeps three hours a night. He talks long into the night with mem bers of a club he has formed. The club is called "The Chocolate Munchers". Their main official activity is to get together for monthly dinners where they eat a very tiny dinner and tons of chocolate desserts. "I am an addict," Constant admits, "and I dont want to be cured! "

Which of the following is the most inclusive title for the passage?

A．Chocolate—The Passion of a Lifetime

B．The Chocolate Munchers Club

C．Chocolate—A New Art Form

D．The Last Word in Good Taste

e parent is home most of the time. However, home schooling does not work in inner-city neighborhoods because parents either work during the day or actively look for work. Numerous estimates between 1 and 2 million have been made regarding the number of home-schooled children in this country. Home schooling will grow in the future as course materials and tutoring systems vastly improve. Not too many years ago, learning at home meant reading a book and doing homework with tutoring from a parent or older sibling. Today, homes have an outstanding tutor available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. This tutor never loses its patience,becomes upset, turns critical,or scolds a child for poor performance. In fact, the new tutoring system constantly recognizes good performance and provides praise for progress in learning. This tutor is the multimedia personal computer. For decades, students have been learning via television programs. In recent years, students have learned how to use a personal computer. Now technology is bringing together the Internet, video, slides, CD-ROM, and the interactivity of a computer to create multimedia presentations that students enjoy. The cost of this tutoring system is about $ 1,200. It can be used for at least six years, so the annual cost is $ 200. If there are two students in the family, the annual cost drops to $ 100 per student. In many households, the parents also use the computer, which reduces the annual cost even further. The tutoring system allows home schoolers to explore subjects without a parent or teacher telling them what to do next. The computer also provides a safe environment for students to take risks. They see and hear immediate, positive reinforcement every time they learn something. Immediate, positive remediation also is available when the student doesnt fully understand the lesson. The computer is truly a break-through in student learning and in building self-esteem. At first, courseware developers thought they had to sell their products to curriculum directors, teacher committees, and school boards. Now, these companies sell courseware directly to parents. For example, instead of buying a leather-bound edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, working parents can purchase a computerized encyclopedia for $ 35 or less. Courseware quality and course materials improve annually because parents and students buy only high-quality and motivational courses. With millions of home schoolers and other children using these materials, the price per subject now varies from $ 20 to $ 40. In the early school years, one or two courseware systems are sufficient for the entire school year. The courseware market has become a multi-million-dollar industry in which quality increases and costs decrease constantly. Studies have shown that interactive courseware speeds learning by 30 to 50 percent over conventional teaching methods. Lesson retention also improves. Many home schoolers need to study only three or four hours, leaving them more than enough time for extracurricular activities. How will courseware impact the public schools? It can either be viewed as a sideshow that has no place in a school system, which would be a mistake, or public schools can study why courseware and home schooling have succeeded,Investing in outstanding course materials,learning systems,and tutoring systems have been home schoolings keys to success. This is exactly what most public schools do not do, even though they spend more than $ 300 billion in taxpayers money. Instead, they claim they have no money for outstanding course materials,learning systems, and tutoring systems. It should also be noted that most home-schooling parents are not former teachers. Many of them just have high school diplomas or have studied a year or two in community colleges. This information indicates that certified teachers within inner-city schools could be more successful if their classrooms had outstanding course materials, learning systems, and tutoring systems. Home schooling will grow in response to the violence in schools and to the constant drone of massages about poor student performance,but it cannot replace our public school systems because most parents are simply not available to provide home schooling. It is hoped, however, that public schools will begin to adopt the successful aspects of home schooling. In some communities,school districts are working with home-schooling families on special classes and extracurricular activities. This partnership helps solve the problem of overcrowded schools and helps reduce the massive building costs associated with new school buildings.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Modern tutors are more patient than those in the past

B．Students are praised whenever they learn new things.

C．Courseware quality improves with the help of parents.

D．Tutoring systems can help students build self-esteem.

eer-reviewed evidence that there truly is a controversy that must be taught. "The Darwinists are bluffing, "he says over a plate of oysters at a downtown seafood restaurant. "They have the science of the steam engine era,and its not keeping up with the biology of the information age. " Meyer hands me a recent issue of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews with an article by Carl Woese.an eminent microbiologist at the University of Illinois. In it. Woese decries the failure of reductionist biology—the tendency to Jook at systems as merely the sum of their parts—to keep up with the developments of molecular biology. Meyer says the conclusion of Woeses argument is that the Darwinian emperor has no clothes. Its a page out of the antievolution playbook: using evolutionary biologys own literature against it, selectively quoting from the likes of Stephen Jay Gould to illustrate natural selections downfalls. The institute marshals Journal articles discussing evolution to provide policymakers with evidence of the raging controversy surrounding the issue. Woese scoffs at Meyers claim when I call to ask him about the paper. "To say that my criticism of Darwinists says that evolutionists have no clothes,"Woese says, "is like saying that Einstein is criticizing Newton,therefore Newtonian physics is wrong". Debates about evolutions mechanisms,he continues. dont amount to challenges to the theory. And intelligent design "is not science. It makes no predictions and doesnt offer any explanation whatsoever, except forGod did it. " Of course Meyer happily acknowledges that Woese is an ardent evolutionist. The institute doesnt need to impress Woese or his peersjit can simply co-opt the vocabulary of science—"academic freedom. " "scientific objectivity,""teach the controversy"—and redirect it to a public trying to reconcile what ap-pear to be two contradictory scientific views. By appealing to a sense of fairness. ID finds a place at the political table,and by merely entering the debate it can claim victory. "We dont need to win every argu-ment to be a success,"Meyer says,"Were trying to validate a discussion thats been long suppressed. " This is precisely what happened in Ohio. "Im not a PhD in biology, "says board member Michael Cochran. "But when I have X number of PhD experts telling me this, and X number telling me the opposite, the answer is probably somewhere between the two." An exasperated Krauss claims that a truly representative debate would have had 10000 pro-evolution Scientists against two Discovery executives. "What these people want is for there to be a debate,"says Krauss. "People in the audience say,Hey,these people sound reasonable. They argue, people have different opinions, we should present those opinions in school.That is nonsense. Some people have opinions that the Holocaust never happened, but we dont teach that in history. " Eventually, the Ohio board approved a standard mandating that students learn to "describe how scientists continue to investigate and critically analyze aspects of evolutionary theory. "Proclaiming victory, Johnson barnstormed Ohio churches soon after notifying congregations of a new, ID-friendly standard. In response, anxious board members added a clause stating that the standard "does not mandate the teaching or testing of intelligent design."Both sides claimed victory. A press release from IDNet trumpeted the mere inclusion of the phrase intelligent design,saying that "the implication of the statement is that the teaching or testing of intelligent designis permitted. "Some pro-evolution scientists, meanwhile,say theres nothing wrong with teaching students how to scrutinize theory. "I dont have a problem with that," says Patricia Princehouse.a professor at Case Western Reserve and an outspoken opponent of ID."Critical analysis is exactly what scientists do."

Stephen Meyer seems to be criticizing Darwinists because_____.

A．the evidence for their theories is peer-reviewed

B．they were bom in the age of steam engine

C．their theories are already out of date

D．they can not catch up with the information technology

me." sure, I trust. Why not? I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity, I read my students essays,hoping to find the person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I wont detect a polished piece of prose from an otherwise-average writer,but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments,! can match a students work with his or her name even if its missing from the upper left-hand corner. Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average(GPA)? When were threatened or sick,we make conditional promises. "If you let me pass math I will... .""Lord,if you get me over this before the big homecoming game III..."Once the situation is behind us so are the promises. Human nature? Perhaps, but we do use that click to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid. After all. few fulfill the contract so why should anyone be the exception. Why not? Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of PhD thesis up until that time,both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing. I questioned the person regarding his essay and he swore it Id understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour,then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I confronted him with both essays. "I promise...!II not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. Im just nervous today." The head of the English department agreed with my finding,and the meeting with the dean had the boys parents present After an hour of discussion touching on eight of the boys previous essays and his grade-point average,which indicted he was already on academic probation(留校查看),the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested. "Hes only a child"and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such...Except in this uncomfortable circumstance.

According to the author,students commit plagiarism mainly for_____.

A．money

B．degree

C．higher GPA

D．reputation

we rarely get caught, because the lies we tell are usually little ones:"l got stuck in traffic." "That color looks good no you." "I was just about to call." But even the smallest fib may soon be systematically exposed, at least in the virtual World. Researchers at several universities are developing software that can detect lies in online communications such as instant messages e-mails and chatrooms. The ability to spot "digital deception", as researchers call it, has never been more crucial. Today, much of our business and social life is conducted online, making us increasingly vulnerable. White collar criminals, sexual predators, scammers, identity thieves and even terrorists surf the same Web as the rest of us. Conventional lie detectors look for physiological signs of anxiety—a bead of sweat or a racing pulse— but online systems examine only the liars words. "When were looking at language, were looking at the tool of the lie," says Jeff Hancock, all assistant professor of communication and a member of the faculty of computing and information science at Cornell University. Hancock, who recently received a $ 680,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to study digital deception, says there is a growing body of evidence that the language of dishonest messages is different than that of honest ones. For example, one study led by Hancock and due to be published this spring in Discourse Processes found the deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions than did truthful messages. Liars also tend to use fewer first-person references(such as the pronoun "I")and more third-person references(such as "he" and "they"). This may be the liars subconscious way of distancing himself from his lie. More surprising, Hancock and his colleagues have observed that the targets of liars also exhibit distinctive language patterns. For instance, people who are being deceived often use shorter sentences and ask more questions. Even though they may not be aware that they are being lide to, people seem to exhibit subconscious suspicions. To identify the patterns of deceit, Hancock has developed an instant-messaging system at Cornell that asks users to rate the deceptiveness of each message they send. The system has already collected 10,000 messages, of which about 6 percent qualify as patently deceptive. Eventually the results will be i-ncorporated into software that analyzes incoming messages. For now, the Cornell researchers are working only with the kinds of lies told be students and faculty. It remains to be seen whether such a system can be scaled up to handle "big" lies, such as messages sent by con artists and terrorists. Fortunately, the research so far suggests that people lie less often in e-mail than face-to-face or on the phone. Perhaps this is because people are reluctant to put their lies in writing, Hancock speculates. "An e-mail generates multiple copies," he says. "It will last longer than something carved in rock." So choose your words carefully. The internet may soon be rid not only deceit but also of lame excuses

The digital polygraph conducts testing based on_____.

erm. The layman, for example, often used the term to mean the amount that is demanded of an item. Thus,if the price were to decrease and individuals wanted more of the item, it is commonly said that demand increases. To an economist, demand is a relationship between a series of prices and a series of corresponding quantities that are demanded at these prices. If one reads the previous sentences carefully, it should become apparent that there is a distinction between the quantity demanded and demand. This distinction is often a point of confusion and we all should be aware of and understand the difference between these two items. We repeat, therefore, that demand is a relationship between price and quantities demanded,and therefore suggests the effect of one(e.g., price)on the other(e.g. quantity demanded). Therefore, knowledge of the demand for a product enables one to predict how much more of a product will be purchased if price decreases. But the increase in quantity demanded does not mean demand has increased, since the relationship between price and quantity(i.e., the demand for the product)has not changed. Demand shifts when there is a change in income, expectations, tastes,etc., such that a different quantity of the product is demanded at the same price. In almost all cases, a consumer wants more of an item if the price decreases. This relationship between price and quantity demanded is so strong that it is referred to as thelaw of demand". This"law"can be explained by the income and substitution effects. The income effect occurs because price increas-es reduce the purchasing power of the individual and,thus,the quantity demanded of goods must de-crease. The substitution effect reflects the consumers desire to get the "best buy". Accordingly, if the price of product A increases, the individual will tend to substitute another product and purchase less of goods A. The negative correlation between price and quantity demanded is also explained by the law of diminishing marginal utility. According to this law, the additional utility the consumer gains from consum-ing a product decreases as successively more units of the product are consumed. Because the additional units yield less utility or satisfaction, the consumer is willing to purchase more only if the price of the product decreases. Economists distinguish between individual and market demand. As the term implies, individual demand concerns the individual consumer and illustrate the quantities that individuals demand at different prices. Market demand includes the demand of all individuals for a particular goods and is found by summing the quantities demanded by all individuals at the various prices. The other side of the price system is supply. As in the case of demand, supply is a relationship between a series of prices and the associated quantities supplied. It is assumed that as price increases the individual or firm will supply greater quantities of a product. There is a positive correlation between quantity supplied and product price. Economists also distinguish between a change in supply and quantity supplied. The distinction is similar to the one made with respect to demand. Also, as in the case of demand, economists distinguish between individual firm supply and market supply, which is the summation of individual supply. Taken together, supply and demand yield equilibrium of price and quantity. Equilibrium is a state of stability, with balanced forces in which prices and quantity will remain constant. Moreover, there are forces in the market that will act to establish equilibrium if changes in demand or supply create disequilibrium. For example, if prices are above equilibrium, the quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded and surpluses occur that have a downward pressure on prices. These pressures will persist until equilibrium is established. If prices are below equilibrium, the product will become scare and there will be an upward pressure on price.

According to the passage, demand_____.

A．increases as price decreases

B．can be predicted if there is a change in price

C．remains constant at the same price

D．is influenced by changes in the consumer"s income and tastes

ia optional. Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced,clinical depression controlled,cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal;We are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under optimal conditions. We all understand that at some level,yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved, Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care,we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its futile. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. A vast industry pushed for aggressive and expensive therapy for prostate cancer, despite a lack of demonstrable benefit for many patients. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. Meanwhile, the kind of palliative care provided in hospices is taught derogatorily to medical students as a treatment of last resort. In 1950 the United States spent $ 12.7 billion,or 4.4 percent of gross domestic product, on health care. In 2002 the cost will be $ 1.54 trillion-nearly 14 percent of GDP, by far the largest percentage spent by any developed country. Anyone can see that this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some ethicists conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm "have a duty to die and get out of the way"so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I wouldnt go that far. Not long ago similar arguments were used to justify mandatory retirement ages as young as 55 for employees in industry, academia and government. The message was "Step asidel want your desk and your paycheck." Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the maladies that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I aspire to age as productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit, or should. Ive watched as the lives of my family members and friends have been painfully prolonged. Its a stark contrast with the inexpensive and compassionate deaths of my parents a generation ago. As a medical consumer, I may want Medicare to buy me multiple coronary bypass operations or a desperate round of bone-marrow transplantation. As a taxpaying citizen, I know-intellectually, if not emotionally-that the value of such measures must be weighed against other social goods,such as housing,defense and education,And as a physician,! know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care,have achieved longer, healthier lives than We have. As a nation,we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely, cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives. For example,the field of alternative and complementary medicine receives just A. 5 percent chunk of the National Institutes of Health budget. To create a human system of health care,We must acknowledge that death and dying are not themselves the enemies. As the post-World War II British epidemiologist Archie Cochrane once observed, cures in medicine are rare,but the need for "care"—attention and reassurance from approachable, sympathetic physicians And caregivers-is widespread. Cochrane worried that by pursuing cures at all cost, we would restrict the supply of care that patients can receive. This is precisely the crisis of contemporary medicine:billions for cures, and pennies for care. Medicine can accomplish great things for the generation now passing 50,but only if were wise enough not to ask too much of it.

Peoples different attitudes towards death show that_____.

A．people in other countries don"t have a great health-care system as Americans do

B．Americans rely too much on their health-care system even to challenge death

C．Americans are optimistic

D．Palliative care works wonders in Americans