人工智能和虚拟现实是两种与电脑有关的技术，它们可能对教育产生重大的影响。许多教学计划可以不用

【C9】

A．to

B．by

C．with

D．upon

survey"【C1】______by the Management and Coordination Agency in 1993, over 70 percent of the Japanese【C2】______chose the answers "One should get married" or "its better to get married. " Of the 11 countries surveyed, Japan was【C3】______only by the Philippines in the percentage of those advocating marriage【C4】______opposed to a single life. In recent years, however, there has been a spreading recognition among the Japanese public that something【C5】______is happening in peoples attitudes toward marriage. When they began to have adequate food, clothing and shelter after years of postwar shortages and thus became able to【C6】______their attention to other matters, the Japanese for the first time 【C7】______a renewed look at the question of marriage. In the 1990s, people began to ask "What on earth is marriage anyway?" and to talk about marriage itself. In Japan, the proportion of men still unmarried in their thirties reached about 20 percent in the national census taken in 1985, and the【C8】______apparently exceeded 30 percent in 1995. The proportion of unmarried women in the 25-29 age bracket has been increasing【C9】______about 5 percent every five years until it is now nearly 50 percent. What are the real reasons women choose not to marry? Early on, two were【C10】______: women were now better educated and more women were interested in working outside the home. Many women have become【C11】______independent, acquiring enough self-confidence to【C12】______a meaningful life outside of marriage. And【C13】______seems to be a wide gap in the way men and women view marriage. Women generally believe that, 【C14】______womens roles in Japans postwar society have become diversified, men have essentially remained unchanged. 【C15】______such circumstances, communication between the sexes is, in fact, far from easy. Besides that, in the postwar Japan, individualism has begun to take【C16】______. The 50 years since the end of the war may be regarded as the process of a【C17】______society has matured to a point【C18】______it now tolerates a diversity of marriage styles which were unthinkable not very long ago. In the future, such tolerance is almost【C19】______to increase. But a headlong plunge toward unbridled individualism is also dangerous. The ideal【C20】______may be to achieve a complementary fusion of the collectivism of Japans traditional community and the individualism of the new age.

【C1】

A．practiced

B．conducted

C．involved

D．devised

ly able to improve upon their former standard of living.

A．maximum

B．minority

C．majority

D．minimum

doing to the environment. Humans are thought to be responsible for a whole host of environmental problems, ranging from global warming to ozone depletion. What is not in doubt, however, is the devastating effect humans are having on the animal and plant life of the planet. Currently, an estimated 50, 000 species become extinct every year. If this carries on, the impact on all living creatures is likely to be profound, says Dr. Nick Middleton, a geographer at Oxford University. " All species depend in some way on each other to survive. And the danger is that, if you remove one species from this very complex web of interrelationships, you have very little idea about the knock-on effects on the ecosystem. So, if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole cascade of other extinctions. " Complicating matters is the fact that there are no obvious solutions to the problem. Unlike global warming and ozone depletion — which, if the political will was there, could be reduced by cutting gas emissions — preserving biodiversity remains an intractable problem. The latest idea is " sustainable management" , which is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. This means humans should be able to use any species of animal or plant for their benefit, provided enough individuals of that species are left alive to ensure its continued existence. For instance, instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, there is a sustainable management project to protect elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for sport. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them — or allowing others to poach them — because of the economic benefit involved. This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption endemic in many developing countries, some observers are skeptical that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers. There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting areas of great biodiversity such as the worlds tropical forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephants — allow logging companies to cut down a certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. But because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need revenue from logging, there are few regulations to do this. Moreover, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times more — an increase that consumers, no matter how "green" , are unlikely to pay. For these reasons, sustainable management of tropical forests is unlikely to become widespread in the near future. This is disheartening news. Its estimated these forests contain anything from 50 to 90 percent of all animal and plant species on Earth. In one study of a five-square-kilometer area of rain forest in Peru, for instance, scientists counted 1, 300 species of butterflies and 600 species of birds. In the entire continental United States, only 400 species of butterflies and 700 species of birds have been recorded. Scientist professor Norman Myers sees this situation as a gigantic "experiment were conducting with our planet". "We dont know what the outcome will be. If we make a mess of it, we cant move to another planet ... Its a case of one planet, one experiment. "

What damage do we know for sure is human activity doing to the environment?

A．Global warming.

B．Ozone depletion.

C．Species extinction.

D．All of the above.

to the fact that technology______.

A．has a great impact on human life

B．has some characteristics of human nature

C．can replace some aspects of the human mind

D．does not exist in the natural world

y a severe blow to the head. After the shock they may remain unconscious, become semiconscious or be conscious but confused and dazed, at least for a time. Flashes of light may continue passing before their eyes, and blindness and deafness may follow. The nervous system may be badly affected, causing paralysis, pain in the limbs and even hemorrhage. There will be burns where the lightening passed through the body, and like all electrical bunts, they are often deep and sever. All persons, especially campers and hunters, should know how to give first aid to someone who has been struck by lightening. Do not be afraid to touch the victim. You wont get a shock. The lightening has already been grounded. Remember that speed is of the greatest importance in severe cases. The first thing to do is to loosen tight clothing about the throat and waist. Then clear the air passages of mucus(黏液)if present, and apply artificial respiration if necessary. Give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if needed, or give oxygen if available. Many victims thought to be dead have been revived after treatment. Send someone for a doctor as soon as possible, but dont leave the victim alone. If a doctor is not available, take the person to a hospital as soon as the person can be safely moved. Signs of shock are: pale, cold, sticky skin; weak, rapid pulse; shallow, irregular breathing or, in extreme cases, no breathing at all. To treat shock, you must keep the patient lying down with the head lower than the feet and cover him or her with a blanket but watch out for overheating. Giving a stimulating hot tea or coffee will help, but only if the patient is thoroughly conscious. After breathing has been restored and shock is treated, treat the burns. Apply some salve and cover them with a clean cloth or a sterile dressing. If conscious, the patient will be badly frightened, so do all you can to reassure. A little knowledge and a helping hand may save someones life.

The passage mainly talks about______.

A．which metals conduct electricity best

B．where to go in a thunderstorm

C．how to treat someone struck by lightening

D．how to make mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?

A．Violence on TV may contribute to child abuse.

B．Medical doctors are largely to blame for unreported cases of child abuse.

C．The media should not describe the details of child abuse cases.

D．Violence in our society is acceptable unless children are victims.

dren is not an easy task. Failures can and do occur at any age level, and at times the results are the abuse, neglect, and even death of children. Child abuse has become a major topic in child development and an issue of much national concern. In the span of four legislative years, 1963—1967, all fifty states enacted laws calling for the reporting of injuries inflicted on children. By 1973, the United States Congress passed the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act(Public Law 93-247). This law not only reflected the mood of concerned citizens, but it also did much to clear up the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse. The question "What causes child abuse?" has prompted much debate. The single most persistent myth which had plagued efforts to understand causes is the notion that parents who abuse children are mentally disturbed or ill. Although there is no specific psychiatric diagnosis which comprises the behavior. and personalities of abuser, they seem to share a common style. of child rearing. Those parents demand high levels of child performance and they often use severe physical punishment to ensure the childs proper behavior. Abusive parents themselves were raised in similar family situations and their own childhood experience has a lasting influence on their behaviors of adults. Current research has suggested, however, that the "abuser is sick" hypothesis is too limited. A broader social, psychological approach recognizes that some personal problems are implicit but that psychological factors arise out of a social context. Social factors include unemployment, social isolation, and unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, findings that abuse occurs more frequently in larger families and families with low income, poor education, and low occupational status suggest that many such parents cannot withstand the twenty-four-a-day responsibility to raise and care for their children. These problems aggravate the situation, especially when combined with tile general approval in our culture of violence.

This selection suggests that child abuse is______.

A．a growing problem whose causes are not fully understood

B．caused primarily by the mental illness of parents

C．a problem in the United States, but a greater one in Europe

D．easily determined because of recent public laws

sters degree nowadays. Someone said that masters degree is essential with the development of the society and others hold the opinion that it is more important to have working experience rather than spending 3 years on campus. What do you think ? You are required to make comments on this topic about 200 words. Dont forget to give a title to your comments. Please write your short essay on the ANWER SHEET.

人从来没有想到过自己会是违法者，更不用说是犯罪分子了，他们越来越不把那些旨在保护他们社会的法律条文放在心上。如今，人们随手乱扔垃圾、偷税漏税、发出违禁噪音，以及开车时表现出来的无政府状态，可谓是司空见惯。有时不由使人觉得，藐视法令者竟可代表未来的潮流了。哈佛大学的社会学家戴维·里斯曼认为：大多数美国人漫不经心地把犯点所谓的小错误当做是理所当然的。他还认为：今天美国社会道德准则已出现“只有傻瓜才守法”的危险倾向了。