Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper？A．Assis

The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that ______.

A．social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in life

B．high school is often boring in the U. S.

C．high intelligence does not guarantee success

D．getting ready for college is an emotional process

Comment 1 suggests that______.

A．parents may influence children"s thinking

B．persistent parental involvement is a must

C．parents should leave their children alone

D．kids should be kids after all

What is the main conclusion of the Robinson and Harriss study?

A．Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.

B．Schools should communicate with parents regularly.

C．The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.

D．Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children.

y involved in their childrens education: meeting with teachers, volunteering at school, helping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few working parents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether theyre worth the effort. Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of how parental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L. Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesnt. The researchers combed through nearly three decades worth of surveys of American parents and tracked 63 different measures of parental participation in kids academic lives, from helping them with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexed these measures to childrens academic performance, including test scores in reading and math. What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire(适得其反)— regardless of a parents race, class, or level of education. Do you review your daughters homework every night? Robinson and Harriss data show that this wont help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school. While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find a handful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids(fewer than half of whom are read to daily)and talking with teenagers about college plans. But these interventions dont take place at school or in the presence of teachers, where policy makers have the most influence — they take place at home. Comment 1: Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids. Persistent parental involvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents want consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise. Comment 2: It also depends on the kid. Emotional and social maturity have a lot to do with success in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by high school, but that doesnt mean they are ready for college or the work place. Comment 3: The article doesnt clearly define " helping" , but I understood it as actually assisting children in the exercises(e. g. helping them to solve a math problem)and/or reviewing their work for accuracy rather than simply making sure theyve completed their work. I think the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no study would discourage parents from monitoring their childrens performance!

The word "they"(Para. 1)refers to______.

A．values

B．obligations

C．studies

D．principles

The purpose for the author to share her experience is to______.

A．explain why people have strange fears

B．introduce what strange fears people have

C．encourage people to overcome their fears

D．illustrate conquering a fear can be difficult

After the fear subsided, the author realized that______.

A．it was not as horrible as she had thought

B．an elevator ride could be exciting

C．she could have had a good time with her boyfriend

D．her boyfriend"s help was important

The authors fear of elevators is the result of______.

A．her terrible experience

B．her dislike of being in closed spaces

C．her nervousness of being alone

D．her phobia for no reason

The phrase "rats with wings"(Para. 3)refers to______.

A．exotic rats

B．devils

C．strange birds

D．pigeons

al forks. Shes been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a plate gives her a panic attack. Strange, right? But shes not alone. While popular phobias(恐惧症)about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous. While some phobias might seem a bit silly, they can cause serious emotional distress. My coworker Magda is terrified of pigeons, a phobia that is taking over her life. She wont walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these "rats with wings" finds its way onto the platform. Another friend is disgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it. So where does an irrational fear of cheese come from? Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time? Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. There was no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces, but something about elevators makes me nervous. And so, when my boyfriend and I found ourselves trapped in an elevator last year — because these sorts of things always happen eventually — I was anticipating the worst. While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we " take advantage of the situation," I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the whole facing my worst nightmare thing. However, after the fear subsided(消退)I realized that, yes, this was my greatest fear come true, and yet — it wasnt all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, but terrifying? Not so much. Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process, but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on.

The 34-year-old British woman is extremely afraid of metal forks because______.

A．she is afraid that they may hurt her

B．she couldn"t bear their sound on plate

C．she has been injured by them before

D．she has never used them before

The main purpose of the passage is to______.

A．explain how to live a healthy life

B．describe the variety of carbohydrates

C．advocate a healthy diet

D．promote more physical exercise