The Flying Phone Box
A surprise for air travelers
The strides made in satellite-communications technology in recent years are at last yielding benefits for air travelers, particularly executives who need to keep in touch with their offices. Five airlines— three of them based in the Asia-Pacific region—have recently equipped aircraft to offer outbound (向外的)telephone calls to anywhere in the world using a new satellite system. And in the not-too-distant future, businessmen will be able to send faxes in flight, too.
Air Canada, Qantas of Australia, United Airlines of the US and Japan Air Lines have at least one satellite-communication aircraft apiece. Hong Kong's Cathay Pacific Airways is also about to offer the service and several other airlines are expected to follow. The calls, dialed directly and charged to a credit card, will cost about US $ 9 ~ 10 per minute.
The earlier flying phones
Phone communications from aircraft are not entirely new. For some time, telephones have been available to passengers on US internal flights, for example, and on private jets.
But these systems have used cellular phones operating on very high frequency radio links. These systems—the same links that keep pilots in touch with flight controllers—have either limited range or low quality and reliability, particularly over vast oceans such as the Pacific. By contrast, the new satellite service will provide clear links instantly to destinations around the world.
Technological obstacles
Several technological problems had to be resolved before the service could be introduced. One was to define an effective technical standard, Airinc 741, that guarantees compatibility among different manufacturers' avionics systems—essential if the service was to be truly global.
Another was to make reliable antennas(天线) small enough and light enough to mount on aircraft of different types. And a third was to perfect voice-coding algorithms(规则系统), which tell machinery how to break down voice signals into digital signals for transmission at the standard rate of 9,600 bits a second.
A further drawback, for any type of call routed by satellite, is an uncomfortable time lag between words being spoken and received. Because of the distance that signals have to travel, there is a delay of about a quarter of a second. With airborne calls, there is the potential for a double delay as signals arriving via satellite at a ground station are passed on via another satellite to their destination.
To avoid this problem, ground stations have been equipped to identify calls from aircraft and route them to coaxial or fibre-optic cables for the second lag of their journey. Surface links, though long, are still considerably shorter than the 72,000-km round-trip into space. Most calls will therefore not suffer the double delay.
The International Maritime Satellite Organization (Inmarsat) approved the initial sitcom system for commercial service last November 'after two years of trials. Besides the handful of aircraft operated by the five major carriers who have signed on to the system, about two dozen company jets have fitted with the necessary equipment.
A new technology
The technology has three components: antennas and associated equipment on board planes, communications satellites, and ground stations.
In the course of development, antennas have lust both their dish shape and several kilograms. Even so, antenna and avionics weigh as much as two occupied scats. One obstacle to further weight savings, however, is that lighter antennas are more easily confused by the plethora(过多) of satellites now circling the Earth.
The satellites themselves are provided by Inmarsat, a London-based cooperative of 64 nations. One operational satellite and several 'back-ups
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
第4题
A.入股农民可以是互助社所在乡镇以外的农户
B. 单个农村小企业可以向农村资金互助社入股
C. 社员入股必须以货币出资,不得以实物入股
D. 单个农民的持股比例不得超过农村资金互助社股金总额的10%
第5题
A.社员入社股份不能退还,只能转让
B.单个社员持股比例不得超过农村资金互助社股金总额的10%
C.社员可以选择以货币、实物、贷款或其他方式人股
D.社员不论入股份额多少,实行一人一票
第7题
根据以下材料,回答16-20题
根据银监会出台的《农村资金互助社管理暂行规定》,农村资金互助社是指经银行业监督管理机构批准,由乡(镇)行政村农民和农村小企业自愿入股组成,为社员提供金融服务的社区互助性金融机构。
关于农村资金互助社的说法,正确的是()。A.农村资金互助社是农村合作基金会
B.农村资金互助社可发放贷款、吸收存款
C.农村资金互助社可发放贷款但不能吸收存款
D.农村资金互助社是独立的企业法人
若某资金互助社的资本充足率低于2%,则银行业监督管理机构可能对其采取的措施有()。A.限期增扩股金
B.限期清收不良贷款
C.立即自行解散或予以撤销
D.限期降低资产规模
农村资金互助社社员享有的权利有()。A.参加社员大会
B.聘任经理
C.按章程参与民主管理
D.分享盈余
关于农村资金互助社运行机制的说法,正确的是()。A.社员人社股金不能退,只能转让
B.单个社员持股比例不得超过农村资金互助社股金总额的10%
C.社员可以选择以货币、实物、贷款或其他方式入股
D.社员不论入股份额多少,实行一人一票
农村资金互助社应审慎经营,严格实行风险管理,其要求有()。A.对前十大户贷款总额不得超过资本净额的50%
B.对单一农民社员及其在同一户口簿上的其他社员贷款总额不得超过资本净额的20%
C.对单一社员的贷款总额不得超过资本净额的15Vo
D.资本充足率不得低于4%
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!
第8题
根据以下材料,回答16-20题
根据银监会出台的《农村资金互助社管理暂行规定》,农村资金互助社是指经银行业监督管理机构批准,由乡(镇)、行政村农民和农村小企业自愿入股组成,为社员提供金融服务的社区互助性金融机构。
关于农村资金互助社的说法,正确的是()。A.农村资金互助社是农村合作基金会
B.农村资金互助社可发放贷款、吸收存款
C.农村资金互助社可发放贷款但不能吸收存款
D.农村资金互助社是独立的企业法人
关于农村资金互助社运行机制的说法,正确的是()。A.社员入社股份不能退还,只能转让能转让
B.单个社员持股比例不得超过农村资金互助社股金总额的10%
C.社员可以选择以货币、实物、贷款或其他方式人股
D.社员不论人股份额多少,实行一人一票
农村资金互助社应审慎经营,严格实行风险管理,其要求有()。A.对前十大户贷款总额不得超过资本净额的50%
B.对单一农民社员及其在同一户口簿上的其他社员贷款总额不得超过资本净额的20%
C.对单一社员的贷款总额不得超过资本净额的15%
D.资本充足率不得低于4%
若某资金互助社的资本充足率低于2%,则银行业监督管理机构可能对其采取的措施有()。A.限期增扩股金
B.限期清收不良贷款
C.立即自行解散或予以撤销
D.限期降低资产规模
农村资金互助社社员享有的权利有()。A.参加社员大会
B.聘任经理
C.按章程参与民主管理
D.分享盈余
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!
第9题
A.10%
B.15%
C.20%
D.25%
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