1. Persistent Headaches
Everybody gets headaches now and then. If you've had the same pattern of headaches for years, chances are that it's going to continue that way for years more. But if your headaches are so severe that you miss work or social gatherings, or if over-the-counter painkillers don't help, see your doctor. There are new treatments now that work well, even for disabling migraines (偏头痛).
If you have an unfamiliar type of headache that's persisted for three days or longer and is associated with vomiting or visual changes, it could indicate an abnormality in or near the brain, such as a blood clot. If you have an unremitting (不间断的) headache on only one side of your head, near the temple or above the ear, it may be a condition called temporal arthritis (颞动脉炎). It can be cured with cortisone (可的松) or steroids (类固醇), but, left untreated, it can lead to blindness. The most important thing to remember: Any new or extremely painful headache should prompt you to tail your doctor.
2. Chest Pain
Colds and respiratory infections often result in inflammation of the cartilage (软骨) next to the ribs, which can cause chest pain. Pneumonia or pleurisy (胸膜炎), an inflammation of the lining of the lungs, can also lead to chest or rib pain. So if your chest hurts, don't panic, but do look into it.
Chest pain can indicate something as simple as a gas bubble in the stomach, or it could be a heart attack. Sometimes it's hard to distinguish between the two. When a nerve near the heart (called the vagus nerve) becomes irritated because of a heart attack, it can cause stomach symptoms. If the pain goes away with an antacid (抗酸剂), it's less likely to be related to the heart. Most times, it's probably not a heart attack, but if dull, pressure-like chest pain comes on for no mason, call an ambulance and get to an emergency room.
Why an ambulance rather than your neighbor? For two masons: Many ambulances now come equipped with sophisticated monitoring equipment, and emergency personnel are trained to administer necessary medication at a time when every minute counts. A number of doctors also recommend that you take an aspirin to protect your heart from a blood clot while the ambulance is on its way.
3. Abdominal (腹部的) Pain
All of us suffer abdominal pains occasionally, and their causes are many. In fact, there are entire medical textbooks on how to evaluate this particular type of pain. In most cases, it's something that can be easily cured. Abdominal pain that occurs before meals and is relieved by food can indicate an ulcer (溃疡). Treatment is generally simple, so why suffer? If the pain occurs when you eat, it might mean gastritis (an inflamed stomach), or a problem with the gallbladder (胆囊) or pancreas (胰腺). The pain related to each of these conditions has somewhat different characteristics, so your doctor will probably ask such questions as where the pain radiates, what eases it, what makes it feel worse, and whether the pain comes on when you lie down.
More serious causes of abdominal pain can include problems with blood vessels that nourish the intestines (肠) or with the aorta (the artery that distributes oxygen-containing blood from the heart to other parts of the body), gallstones, obstruction of the intestine, an infection, or cancer. Whatever the possible cause, have the pain checked out.
4. Bruising and Bleeding
If you bump into something and get a bruise, it generally turns blue-purple over a day or two and then slowly fades to yellow over the course of another four or five days. That's normal and is nothing to be concerned about. In addition, many of us develop
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第1题
Westgard多规则质控方法主要特点错误的说法是
A、具有L-J质控图的优点
B、假失控概率低
C、误差检出能力增强
D、假告警概率高
E、以上都是
第2题
Westgard多规则质控法何种概率较低,何种概率较高()
A、失控概率低,误差检出概率高
B、失控概率低,假误差检出概率高
C、误差检出概率低,失控概率高
D、假失控概率低,误差检出概率高
E、误差检出概率低,假失控概率高
第3题
B、质控图
C、ROC曲线图
D、功效函数图
E、差异图
以比较方法结果为Y轴,参考方法结果为X轴的是A、方法决定图
B、质控图
C、ROC曲线图
D、功效函数图
E、差异图
以不准确度为Y轴,不精密度为X轴的是A、方法决定图
B、质控图
C、ROC曲线图
D、功效函数图
E、差异图
以控制规则的误差检查率为Y轴,误差大小为X轴的是A、方法决定图
B、质控图
C、ROC曲线图
D、功效函数图
E、差异图
第4题
A.误差检出概率80%以上,假失控概率小于10%
B. 误差检出概率95%以上,假失控概率小于5%
C. 误差检出概率90%以上,假失控概率小于1%
D. 误差检出概率90%以上,假失控概率小于5%
E. 误差检出概率97%以上,假失控概率小于0.3%
第5题
某一测定项目在室内质控方法的设计上选择下列哪项为最佳
A、误差检出概率为90%,假失控概率6%
B、误差检出概率为90%,假失控概率为5%
C、误差检出概率为90%,假失控概率为4%
D、误差检出概率为90%,假失控概率为3%
E、误差检出概率为90%,假失控概率为2%
第6题
某一测定项目在室内质控方法的设计上选择下列哪种情况最为理想
A、误差检出概率为90%,假失控概率6%
B、误差检出概率为90%,假失控概率5%
C、误差检出概率为90%,假失控概率4%
D、误差检出概率为90%,假失控概率3%
E、误差检出概率为90%,假失控概率2%
第9题
在确定质量控制方法性能特征的功效函数图中,Y轴的截距为
A、误差检出率
B、临界系统误差
C、假失控概率
D、随机误差
E、测定质控结果个数
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