In spoken languages units of sound combine to make meaning. Separately, b, e, and t have no meaning. However, together they form. the word bet. Sign languages contain units of form. that by themselves hold no meaning, but when combined create a word. Spoken languages and sign languages differ in the way these units combine to make words, however. In spoken languages units of sound and meaning are combined sequentially. In sign languages, units of form. and meaning are typically combined simultaneously.
In American Sign Language (ASL) signs follow a certain order, just as words do in spoken English. However, in ASL one sign can express meaning that would necessitate the use of several words in speech. For example, the words in the statement "I stared at it for a long time" each contain a unit of meaning. In ASL, this same sentence would be expressed as a single sign. The signer forms "look at" by making a Ⅴ under the eyes with the first and middle fingers of the right hand. The hand moves out toward the object being looked at, repeatedly tracing an oval to indicate "over a long time." To express the adverb "intently" the signer squints the eyes and purses the lips. (To purse the lips is like saying mmmm; pull back and tighten the lips with the lips closed.) Although the English words used to describe the ASL signs are written out in order, in sign language a person forms the signs "look at," "long time," and "intently" at the same time.
ASL has a rich system for modifying the meaning of signs. Verbs such as "look at" can be changed to indicate that the activity takes place without interruption, repeatedly, or over a long time. The adjective "sick," for example, is formed by placing the right middle finger on the forehead and the left middle finger on the stomach. By forming the sign "sick" and repeatedly moving the left hand in a circle, the signer can indicate that someone is characteristically or always sick.
Facial grammar, such as raised eyebrows, also can modify meaning. For example, a signer can make the statement "He is smart" by forming the ASL sign for "smart" placing the middle finger at the forehead—and then quickly pointing it outward as if toward another person to indicate "he." To pose the question "Is he smart?" the sigher accompanies this sign with raised eyebrows and a slightly tilted head.
People who sign sometimes use finger spelling to represent letters of the alphabet. In some sign languages, including ASL, finger spelling serves as a way to borrow words from spoken language. A deaf person might, for example, choose to fingerspell "d-o-g" for "dog" instead of using a sign. Several types of finger spelling systems exist.
Linguists still have much to learn about the world's sign languages. What has become clear is that hundreds, if not thousands, of sign languages exist around the world.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Linguists have found that sign languages and spoken languages differ from each other in many features.
B.Like spoken languages, which use units of form. to produce words, sign languages use units of sounds.
C.Separately, b, e, and t have a meaning and together they form. the word bet.
D.Spoken languages contain units of form. that by themselves hold no meaning, but when combined create a word.
第1题
下列关于TCP/IP协议的描述正确的是()。
A.TCP/IP协议是根据ISO/OSI标准制定的
B.TCP/IP协议是由美国科学基金会(NSF)开发出来的
C.TCP/IP协议是关于传输层和网络层这两层的协议
D.TCP/IP协议独立于硬件
第3题
A.TCP/IP协议最初起源于ARPANET网络互联研究
B.TCP/IP协议的成功促进了Internet的快速发展
C.TCP/IP协议是由国际标准化组织ISO来制定的
D.TCP/IP协议是网络硬件和软件厂商公认的标准
第4题
下列关于TCP/IP传输层协议的描述中,错误的是()。
A.TCP/IP传输层定义了TCP和UDP两种协议
B.TCP协议是一种面向连接的协议
C.UDP协议是一种面向无连接的协议
D.UDP协议与TCP协议都能够支持可靠的字节流传输
第5题
关于TCP/IP协议描述不正确的是()。
A.TCP/IP协议栈中不同协议一起发挥作用,实现网络通信
B.TCP/IP是当今最完整和接受最广泛的协议
C.TCP/IP是唯一的网络通信协议
D.TCP/IP提供了连接不同系统的技术
第6题
关于TCP/IP协议的说法正确的是()。
A.TCP是传输控制协议,IP是互联网协议
B.TCP是互联网协议,IP是传输控制协议
C.TCP是互联控制协议,IP是传输协议
D.TCP是传输协议,TCP是互联控制协议
第7题
下列关于TCP/IP传输层协议的描述中,错误的是()。
A.TCP/IP传输层定义了TCP和UDP两种协议
B.TCP协议要完成流量控制功能
C.UDP协议主要用于不要求按分组顺序到达的传输
D.UDP协议与TCP协议都能够支持可靠的字节流传输
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