Language is fantastically complex. Its built-in means of combining and recombining（nestin

now move through a cloud of messages as densely as a locust-storm. Every new device increases【M1】______ the speed and the outreach of the last, and young people are now governed by the gadgets in their hands, which dont merely contain their lives and also to a great extent dictate them.【M2】______ Of course, the print media still exist. There are old-fashioned people like myself who make a living by writing things, and old-fashioned people like you, who support us by reading, or at any rate buy, what we write. But maybe its only people like us【M3】______ who are able really to regret for the changes that are sweeping【M4】______ away so much that we depended upon. The rest of the world is caught up in the torrent of gadgets, each new model is designed to【M5】______ relieve its owner of one more source of spiritual exercise or one【M6】______ more obstacle to fun. Memory now exists behind a screen. Very few is stored in our heads, and our recollections drift in cyberspace【M7】______ like asteroids, unconnected to the orbit in which we move. Written letters are a thing of past, and essays are downloaded【M8】______ from the sites devoted to them. Research means surfing the web, and as for social life—this is a matter of tweeting and twittering as one drifts through cyberspace. Facebook friendships bubble up in a moment, and consist of a mutual agreement between strangers to【M9】______ put themselves on display. More and more does it seem that putting yourself on display is what it is all about, which there is【M10】______ nothing more to love and friendship than being mutually visible.

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s and Ph.D.s. Many people believe that, as this may be good for women as income earners, it【M1】______ foreshadows ill for their marital prospects. As Kate Bolick wrote in a much-discussed article in The Atlantic last fall, American women face "a radical shrinking pool【M2】______ of what are traditionally considered to be marriageable men— those who are better educated and earn more than they do." Educated women worry that they are scaring potential partners,【M3】______ and experts claim that those who do marry will end up with satisfactory matches. They point to outdated studies suggesting【M4】______ that women with high earnings than their husbands do more【M5】______ housework to compensate for the threat to their mates egos. Is this really the fate facing with educated women: either no【M6】______ marriage at all or the marriage with more housework? Nonsense.【M7】______ That may have been the case in the past, but no longer. By 1996, intelligence and education moved up to No. 5 on mens ranking of【M8】______ desirable qualities in a mate. The desire for a good cook and housekeeper had dropped to 14th place, near the bottom of the 18-point scale. The sociologist Christine B. Whelan reports that by 2008, mens interest in a womans education had arisen to No. 4,【M9】______ just after mutual attraction, dependent character and emotional【M10】______ stability.

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bly have various reasons to study【M1】______ English than your classmates. But have you ever thought about creating entirely new language from scratch? Theres been a boom【M2】______ in made-up languages recently, driving by the epic "Lord of the【M3】______ Rings" and other fantasy movies and books. The trend has also fueled as more and more people venture online. There are【M4】______ websites, discussion boards, and chat rooms that teach how to build a language, others that share new languages, and some that seek collaborators. Made-up languages arent restricted on Star【M5】______ Trek fans and Esperanto speakers. It spends time and determination to create a new language. A【M6】______ creator needs to do more than substitute existing words with invented ones. Theres rhythm and intonation to consider—how does the language sound when spoken? If its invented for humans【M7】______ in a movie or book, how does biology change the sound? How does it represent the culture of the people who speak it? Then there are grammar rules, such as masculine and feminine nouns or verbs, word order, or the use of irregular verbs. Even if a simple language【M8】______ can take years to develop. Yet the new languages dont have the same sticking power as real languages like English. As for the made-up languages of today, there are an infinite number of reason behind their creation.【M9】______ Some people do it as a hobby, another as a way to relax. Some just【M10】______ like the challenge.

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ves leading them to form. marriages as happy as their parents. But other recent studies say marital【M1】______ breakups have mixed long-term effects, foster growth in some【M2】______ children and the resolve to build happier marriages of their own. In support of the second viewpoint, a recent Pew Research Center study suggests that when divorced parents remarry, the【M3】______ kids own marriages may benefit from the example of a parents second, happier union. Indeed, some 60% of children who grow up in stepfamilies say their marriages are closer than that of their own【M4】______ biological parents, says the Pew survey of 2,691 adults, conduct【M5】______ last October. Also, some 70% of people with step-relatives say they are very satisfied with their family lives, the Pew study shows. The study indicates that the stepkids may be benefiting【M6】______ from a parents positive bond with a stepparent. Still, blood is thicker than water. The 42% of Americans who have at least one step-relative typically feel a strong sense of【M7】______ obligation to their biological parent, child or sibling than their【M8】______ step-relatives, the Pew survey says. Significantly higher percentages of correspondents said they would feel obligated to【M9】______ provide financial help or care with a biological relative who was in【M10】______ trouble, compared with those who would help a step-relative who was in trouble.

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n dream is the ability to provide【M1】______ your family, have a job that pays the bills, and puts a roof over your head. The last few years of economical uncertainty have【M2】______ made this dream harder to attain for millions of U.S. citizens and legal immigrants. Twenty-four million Americans are employed or【M3】______ underemployed. Meanwhile, there are 7 million illegal workers with jobs in the U.S. We could open up millions of jobs for citizens and legal immigrants even if we simply enforced worksite【M4】______ immigration laws. E-Verify is a program that helps preserve rare jobs for U.S.【M5】______ citizens and legal immigrants. It allows employers to check what【M6】______ prospective employees are legally authorized to work in the U.S. The program is free, quick, and easy to use—persons eligible to work immediately confirmed 99.5 percent of the time. More than【M7】______ 270,000 employers across the U.S. voluntarily use E-Verify, and the average of 1,300 new businesses sign up each week. Ive【M8】______ introduced the Legal Workforce Act to require all U.S. employers to use E-Verify. This bill is one of the most significant steps we can make to preserve the pursuit of happiness for millions of U.S.【M9】______ citizens and legal immigrants while curbing incentives for future illegal immigrants. The U.S. has been and will continue to be a nation of immigrants. And we are also a nation of laws. And we must【M10】______ enforce our laws to protect and preserve the rights and freedoms that make America so great.

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European egocentricity. I could have chosen Asia or South America. I ended up in Africa because the plane ticket there was cheapest. I came and I stayed. For nearly 25 years I have lived off and on Mozambique. Time has passed, and Im no longer young; in【M1】______ fact, Im approaching to old age. But my motive for living this【M2】______ straddled existence, with one foot in African sand and the another【M3】______ in European snow, in the melancholy region of Norrland in Sweden that I grew up, has to do with wanting to see clearly, to【M4】______ understand. The simplest way to explain what Ive learned from my life in Africa is through a parable about why human beings have two ears and only one tongue. Why is this? Probably so that we have to【M5】______ listen twice as much as we speak. In Africa listening is a guided principle. Its a principle that【M6】______ has lost in the constant chatter of the Western world, where no one【M7】______ seems to have the time or even the desire to listen to anyone else. From my own experience, Ive noticed how much faster I have to answer a question during a TV interview than what I did 10,【M8】______ maybe even 5, years ago. Its as if we have complete lost the【M9】______ ability to listen. We talk and talk, and we end up frightening by【M10】______ silence, the refuge of those who are at a loss for an answer.

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ng freshmen. And Ive discovered something quite elemental: all young people have knowledge-thirsty minds that can be awakened and encouraged to examine the world they inhabit in.【M1】______ So why do we hear so many professors describe their pupils so hostile to learning? Ill stipulate the obvious:【M2】______ colleges want good students. Because by that, they【M3】______ generally mean highly SATs and GPAs. Sadly, this【M4】______ expectation continues at college where, as Harvards Harvey Mansfield states, professors believe "that what theyre doing the research on is exactly what students【M5】______ need to know. How best to get more students into college and get them thinking? A start would be to abandon the constrictions of academic fields. I know of a class that a【M6】______ professor invites the students to ponder human nature. They cites Alexander Hamilton, who wrote that human【M7】______ beings are "ambitious, vindictive, and rapacious." And then Thomas Jefferson, who held that "morality, compassion, and generosity are innate elements in the human constitution." This is a discussion worth of a【M8】______ college course, in which every one of us can bring information and insights to the analysis. This can also happen in the sciences. Thus theres a geology course that starts the professor saying, "After this semester, you 11【M9】______ never look at a rock in the same way again." Of course, the students are expecting to put in a lot of hard work. But【M10】______ teachers like that make them willing to do it.

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ith the input of adequate nutritious【M1】______ food. Otherwise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain【M2】______ our keen mental power and expand our intelligent capacity.【M3】______ Constant learning supplies us inexhaustible fuel for driving us to【M4】______ sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the time in the【M5】______ information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On contrary, learning should be a never-ending【M6】______ process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changed【M7】______ so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. Whats worse, the animalistic instinct deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, and weakening our will to【M8】______ pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success, even killing our desire for the refinement of our characteristic. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the【M9】______ stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally younger, we have to take learning as a lifelong【M10】______ career.

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skin allergy caused too much【M1】______ mobile phone use, the British Association of Dermatologists said. Citing published studies, a group said a red or itchy rash, known as【M2】______ "mobile phone dermatitis(皮炎)," effects people who develop an【M3】______ allergic reaction to the nickel surface on mobile phones after spending long periods of time on the devices. "It is worth doctors bear this condition in mind if they see a patient with a rash on the【M4】______ cheek or ear that cannot otherwise be explained," it said. The British group said many doctors were aware mobile phones could【M5】______ cause the condition. Safety concern over mobile phones has grown as more people rely on it for everyday communication, although【M6】______ the evidence to date has given the technology a clean bill of health when it comes to serious conditions like brain cancer. "In mobile phone dermatitis, the rash would typical occur on the cheek or ear,【M7】______ depending on the metal part of the phone comes into contact with【M8】______ the skin," the group said in a statement. "In theory it could even occur on the fingers unless you spend a lot of time texting on metal【M9】______ menu buttons." Nickel is a metal found in products, and ranging from mobile【M10】______ phones to jewelry to belt buckles and is one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis, according to the Mayo Clinic in the United States.

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care they provide communities. Hospital officials argue that its almost impossible to put a dollar value on charity and doing so would take valuable【M1】______ time and resources away from actually serving the need.【M2】______ The charity question is significant because nonprofit hospitals get major tax breaks. Also, because of loopholes in state laws, nonprofit hospitals are often permitted to make huge profits. To complicate things further, the 2005 Government Accountability【M3】______ Office study concluded that, when it comes to charity care, the "differences between nonprofit and for-profit groups were often big." To make up for this, nonprofit hospitals tend to arrange deals【M4】______ with city and state governments to provide "payment in lieu of taxes"(also known as PILOT programs). But for these payments【M5】______ often dont equate the hospitals overall tax benefit and are【M6】______ perceived as acts of good faith to show that hospitals are playing nice with their communities. Recent economic downturns, therefore, have shined a【M7】______ detectives spotlight on the amount of charity care hospitals provide. Investigative reports have shown up in Atlanta, East Bay and Boston newspapers question charity care policies. The Boston【M8】______ Globe report calculated that Bostons "10 leading hospital companies benefited from an estimated $638 million in federal, state, and local tax breaks as well state discounts on borrowing in【M9】______ 2007, which accounts to $264 million more than the value of【M10】______ care for the poor and other charity work."

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