Kissing, stroking and wild embraces are common enough, and now the quiet, romantic gestur

he high school level. Colleges and universities provide necessary training for individuals are wishing【M1】______ to enter professional careers. They also strive to develop students creativity, insight, and analysis skills. By acquainting students with【M2】______ complex ideas in an intellectual stimulating environment, colleges【M3】______ and universities can provide unique opportunities with personal【M4】______ enrichment while also preparing students for future careers. Such diverse professions as engineering, teaching, law, medicine, and information science all require a college education. Most require training in graduate or professional school as well. Increasingly, even less specialized jobs acquire some【M5】______ postsecondary education. The development of new technologies and the globalization of the world economy have created high demand for workers with computer, communications, and other occupational skills that can be acquired at colleges or universities. For example, computers and other new technologies have eliminated many low-skilled jobs in variety of fields, but these【M6】______ same technologies have created widespread job opportunities for those who have the proper training. In addition, employees【M7】______ increasingly seek out college graduates who have gained the critical thinking and problem-solving skills necessary to adopt to【M8】______ changing economic conditions. Students who live away from home during their college or university years typically experience a major turning point in their lives that has nothing to do with academics or professional【M9】______ training. For example, college offers many recent high school graduates their first opportunity to live on their own. Most first-year students welcome this increased independence, and【M10】______ many also find that living away from home, family, and friends can introduce unexpected challenges.

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d benefit millions of people who suffered from back problems. In an article published in the Annals【M1】______ of Internal Medicine on December 20, researchers concluded that yoga was a effective treatment for back pain than conventional【M2】______ therapy. A study conducting at the Group Health Cooperative in【M3】______ Washington State required 101 adults to follow a choice of remedial treatments—a 12-week course in yoga, 12 weeks of standard therapeutic exercise or the same period following instructions in the self-help book. The results showed yoga both【M4】______ expedited relief from pain and had longer lasting benefits. Lead researcher Dr. Karen Sherman said this was because "mind and body effects" were in the collusion.【M5】______ The article states that: "Most treatments for chronic low back pain have modest efficacy at best. Exercise is one of the few proven treatments... however, its effects are often small, and no form. has been shown to be clear better than another. Yoga, which【M6】______ often couples physical exercise with breathing, is a popular alternative form. of mind-body therapy. It may benefit patients with back pain simply because it involves exercise or because its【M7】______ effects on mental focus. We found no published studies in western biomedical literacy that evaluated yoga for chronic low back pain;【M8】______ moreover, we designed a clinical trial to evaluate its【M9】______ effectiveness." Millions of people worldwide swear at yoga to【M10】______ improve their mental and physical health.

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ountries, the economic strength of the tobacco industry is such great that measures taken by【M1】______ governments to protect the rights of non-smokers cannot be applied efficiently. In some undemocratic countries, on the other【M2】______ hand, governments cannot be trusted and they lack the motivation to deal with the problem. However under any political system,【M3】______ social conditioning and chemical habit make banning tobacco a【M4】______ formidable task and one that would take a long time. Yet, current information campaigns are failing as worldwide use increases faster than the population. Totally banning cigarette smoking so far as has been unsuccessful in all countries. An【M5】______ alternative approach includes neither the prohibition of smoking in【M6】______ the workplace and public buildings or the strict limitation of smoking to specific areas. This movement may be the greatest【M7】______ success of the information campaign against tobacco. Its leaders insist that despite the continued sale, advertising, and use of tobacco, non-smokers have every right to be exposed to the【M8】______ carcinogens, carbon monoxide, and irritants in tobacco smoke. Such a campaign can have three important effects. First of all, by banning the use of tobacco from places that non-smokers would【M9】______ be exposed, thousands of lives may be saved. Second, by forcing【M10】______ smokers to give up their habit while in the presence of non-smokers will provide them with an added force to quit. And third, by stigmatizing tobacco use as dangerous and antisocial, the campaign for non-smokers rights can accomplish a goal of all anti-smoking information campaigns: to make smoking socially unattractive.

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llion people are injured in these accidents; some 50,000 are killed. Auto insurance of course cannot reduce the deaths, the injuries, or the damages, and it does offer【M1】______ protection against the financial risks of auto ownership and operation. The principle decisions to be made by auto insurance buyers【M2】______ are what coverage to buy, what amounts of insurance to buy, and what agent and company to buy.【M3】______ Auto liability coverage is essential. No one should drive a car without protection against the potential high cost of lawsuits. In【M4】______ some U.S. states liability insurance is required by law. Because of【M5】______ the size of lawsuits cannot be predicted, there is no way to know in advancement how much protection will be needed. In deciding【M6】______ upon the amount, consumers should realize that the extra cost of high limits is relatively small. Double the cost of the limits, for【M7】______ example, does not double the cost of the protection. Agents should be asked the cost of several different limits for the buyer to choose among. Reasonably high amounts of liability protection should be a high priority objective. Medical payments coverage is less important than liability protection. It is most important in the states with strong and【M8】______ effective auto no-fault laws; there the mandatory PIP(Personal Injury Protection)provides sufficient coverage for medical expenses. Medical payments insurance is also necessary for people【M9】______ who has adequate health insurance protection. The minimum【M10】______ amount of medical payments insurance in the United States is $500 per person. If the protection is needed, higher amounts should be purchased.

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out how advertising affects society. For example, J. K. Galbraith argued that advertising creates the desires that the production of consumer goods then satisfy. Others【M1】______ accuse advertising for creating a materialistic society full of【M2】______ people think that happiness lies in owning things and who are【M3】______ obsessed with buying consumer goods. These critics think we are creating a society in which private goods are plentiful and in【M4】______ which public goods, which are seldom advertised, are ignored—a society rich in private cars but whose highways and streets are disintegrating. Ads drive selfish consumption on the expense of【M5】______ friendship, community, art, and truth. Furthermore, advertising allows the system to "buy off" political unsatisfied people with【M6】______ promises and consumer goods, leading to political apathy and the undermining of democracy. However, there are many who think these sorts of criticisms exaggerate the impact of ads on society. Major social changes are caused by advertising; ads follow【M7】______ social trends, and they dont create them. This debate centers on two perhaps resolvable issues. First, there is the empirical question of【M8】______ how much impact advertising has on society; this is difficult to answer because the effect of ads cannot be separated from other social forces, and because it is hard to determine whether ads cause or follow social trends. Second, there is the ethical question of whether the purported effects, such as materialism, are morally objective. Perhaps it is more helpful to look at specific issues【M9】______ rather than the social impact of advertising in the general.【M10】______

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mine whether they are effective or not. In the past, salespeople were estimated on the【M1】______ basis of their sales—that is, did they reach their sales quotas? With【M2】______ the role of the sales force changed from being purely concerned with selling to becoming more involved in marketing and took【M3】______ more responsible for maintaining customer relationships, managers recognized the need for expanding evaluative criteria beyond just the achievement of sales goals. The evaluation criteria of today are vast different from those in the past. Sure, sales are still important,【M4】______ but now other measures are gaining in importance as well. One of the more often discussed measures is ROI(return on investment). More and more top executives are asking their sales managers for accountant—as in "Are we getting the returns we【M5】______ seek from the sales force?" The idea is that by measuring the impact of programs designing to aid the selling process as well as【M6】______ measuring sales closures, the marketing team can be more effective and efficient. Fortunately, it isnt always that easy. In a【M7】______ survey conducted in 2002 of companies with a marketing budget of $1 million or more, 56 percent indicated they had no system for measuring the ROI on their marketing investments. As noted by David Reibstein of the University of Pennsylvania s Wharton School of Business, "In marketing, benefits as advertising impact【M8】______ arent easily put into dollar returns. It takes a leap faith to come【M9】______ with a number." Marketers know that it is often difficult to separate advertising, promotions, and other communications efforts in【M10】______ the selling effort.

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can be caused not only by microorganisms but by a dietary efficiency of certain substances【M1】______ now called vitamins. In 1909 German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich introduced the worlds first bactericide, a chemical designed to kill specific kinds of bacteria with killing the patients cells as well.【M2】______ Following the discovery of penicillin in 1928 by British bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming, antibiotics joined medicines chemical armory, making the fight against bacterial infection almost a routine matter. Antibiotics cannot act as viruses, but【M3】______ vaccines have been used to greatly effect to prevent some of the【M4】______ deadliest viral diseases. Smallpox, once a worldwide killer, was completely eradicated by the late 1970s, and in the United States a【M5】______ number of polio cases dropped from 38,000 in the 1950s to less than 10 a year by the 21st century. By the middle of the 20th century scientists believed they were well on the way to treating, preventing, or eradicating many of the most deadly infectious diseases that plagued humankind for【M6】______ centuries. And by the 1980s the medical communitys confidence【M7】______ in its ability to control the infectious diseases had been shaken by【M8】______ the emergency of new types of disease-causing microorganisms.【M9】______ New cases of tuberculosis developed, caused by bacteria strains that were resistant to antibiotics. New, deadly infections on which【M10】______ there was no known cure also appeared, including the viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever and the human immunodeficiency virus (HTV), the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

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elopment of new products.【M1】______ Consumer-product companies are launching nearly 30,000 new products each year, according to the research firm Marketing Intelligence Service(compared with only 2,689 in 1980). The market has become saturated new brands, which often lack any【M2】______ significant advantages that can be used as the base of an【M3】______ advertising campaign. Moreover, companies increasingly depend【M4】______ on sales promotion to encourage consumers to try these brands. Marketers are relying less on samples, coupons, rebates,【M5】______ premiums, and other innovatively promotional tools to achieve【M6】______ trial usage of their new brands and encourage repeat purchase. Promotions are also important in getting retailers to allocate some of their precious shelf space by new brands. The competition for【M7】______ shelf space for new products in stores is enormous. Supermarkets carry an average of 30,000 products(compared with 13,067 in 1982). Retailers favor of new brands with strong sales promotion【M8】______ support will bring in more customers and boost their sales and【M9】______ profits. Many retailers require special discounts or allowances from manufacturers just to handle a new product. These slotting fees or allowances, which are discussed later in the chapter, can make it expensive for a manufacture to introduce a new product.【M10】______

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approximately similar lists, but I【M1】______ think the following would be generally accepted. Firstly, the teachers personality should be pleasant live and【M2】______ attractive. This does not rule on people who are physically plain,【M3】______ or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm, but it does not include those who are over-exciting, melancholy, frigid,【M4】______ sarcastic, cynical, frustrated, and over-bearing: I would say too, that it includes all of dull or purely negative personality.【M5】______ Secondly, it is not merely desirable and essential for a teacher【M6】______ to have a genuine capacity for sympathy—in the literacy meaning【M7】______ of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, to the minds and feelings of children. Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job which one will【M8】______ never be perfect; there is always something more to learn about it. There are three principal objects of study: the subject, or subjects, which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which they can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching to;【M9】______ and—by far the most important—the children, young people, or adults to those they are to be taught.【M10】______

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important advantages. A primary one is selectivity. Cable subscribers tend to be younger, more fluent, and better educated than nonsubscribers and have【M1】______ greater purchasing power. Moreover, the specialized programming on the various cable networks reaches very general target markets.【M2】______ Many advertisers have turned to cable because of the opportunities it offers to narrowcasting, or reaching very【M3】______ specialized markets. For example, MTV is used by advertisers in the United States and many other countries to reach teenagers and young adults. CNBC is now the worldwide leader in business news and reaches a highly educated and rich audience. ESPN has become synonymous as sports and is very popular among【M4】______ advertisers who want to target men of all ages. Advertisers are also interested in cable because of its low cost and flexibility. Advertising rates on cable programs are much lower than that for the shows on the major networks. Advertising【M5】______ time on network shows can cost two to three times as much on a cost-per-thousand basis of in some time periods. 25 Spot【M6】______ advertising is also considerately cheaper on most cable stations,【M7】______ while local cable is most affordable television advertising vehicle【M8】______ available. This makes TV a much more unviable media option for【M9】______ smaller advertisers with limited budgets and those interested in targeting their commercials to a well-refined target audience. Also,【M10】______ cable advertisers generally do not have to make the large up-front commitments, which may be as much as a year in advance, the networks require.

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