The word "slums" was invented to describe ______.A．bad housingB．povertyC．unemploymentD．wea

Before 1900 very large numbers of men were ______.

A．always without work

B．never without work

C．often without work

D．rarely without work

In 1900 life was better for ______.

A．everyone in the world

B．most people in Europe

C．only the rich

D．non-Europeans

In the 19th century travel became ______.

A．cheaper and easier

B．cheaper and faster

C．cheaper, easier and faster

D．faster and easier

nown. Its sources lay in the industrialisation of Europe and the techniques for assuring the continuance of this growth were by no means exhausted or compromised in 1900. There had not only been a vast and accelerating flow of commodities available only in (relatively) tiny quantities a century before, but whole new ranges of goods had come into existence. Oil and electricity had joined coal, wood, wind and water as sources of energy. A chemical industry existed which could not have been envisaged in 1800. Growing power and wealth had been used to tap seemingly inexhaustible natural resources, both agricultural and mineral. Railways, electric trams, steamships, motor cars and bicycles gave mil-lions of men a new control over their environment; they accelerated travel from place to place and eased transport for the first time since animals had been harnessed to carts thou-sands of years before. In terms of consumption, or of the services to which they had access, or in the enjoyment of better health, even the mass of the population in develope countries were much better off in 1900 than their predecessors a hundred years before In spite of this cheerful picture, doubts could break in. Even if what might happen in the future were ignored, contemplation of the cost of the new wealth and doubts about the social justice of its distribution were troubling. Most people were still terribly poor, whether or not they lived in rich countries where the illogicalness of this was particularly more striking than in earlier times. Another change in the way men thought about their condition arose over their power to get a livelihood at all. It was not new that men should be without work. What was new that situations should suddenly arise in which the operation of blind forces of boom and slump produced millions of men without work concentrated in great towns. This was "unemployment", the new phenomenon for which a new word had been needed. Nor were the cities themselves yet rid of all the evils which had so struck the first observers of industrial society. By 1900 the majority of western Europeans were town-dwellers and they lived in more than 140 cities of over 100,000 inhabitants in 1914. In some of them, millions of people were cramped, ill-housed, under-pro-vided with schools and fresh air, let alone amusement other than that of the street, and this often in sight of the wealth their society helped to produce. "Slums" was another word invented by the nineteenth century.

Oil and electricity became available as sources of energy ______.

A．after 1900

B．before 1900

C．in about 1800

D．in about 1900

The best title for this passage is ______.

A．Being a Perfect Communicator

B．The Myth of the Perfect Communicator

C．Psychological Costs of Social Masks

D．Acting with Confidence

Why do many people assemble a variety of social masks?

A．Because they want to play jokes on others.

B．Because they want to imitate the perfect characters in films

C．Because they want to appear perfect.

D．Because they want to deceive others.

According to this passage, the description of perfect may ______.

A．disappoint people

B．deceive people

C．change people's opinion

D．affect people's communicative behaviour

television, or films. In these places we are treated to descriptions of such characters as the perfect mate or child, the totally controlled and gregarious host, and the incredibly competent professional. While these images are certainly appealing, it's inevitable that we will come up short when com-pared to them. Once you accept the belief that it's desirable and possible to be a perfect communicator, the thought follows that people won't appreciate you if you are imperfect. Admitting one's mistakes, saying "I don't know," or sharing feelings of uncertainty or discomfort become social defects when viewed in this manner. Given the desire to be valued and appreciated, it is a temptation to try at least to appear perfect. Thus, many people assemble a veriety of social masks, hoping that if they can fool others into thinking that they are perfect, perhaps they'll find acceptance. The costs of such deception are high. If others ever detect that this veneer of confidence is a false one, then the actor is seen as a phony, and regarded accordingly. Even ff the unassertive actor's role of confidence does go undetected, such a performance uses hus makes the rewards of approval less enjoyable.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of appealing images in novels, television, or films?

A．A perfect mate or child.

B．A perfect communicator.

C．A totally controlled and gregarious host.

D．An incredibly competent professional.

h technology.

A．by means of

B．in terms of

C．in quest of

D．by virtue of

a storm.

A．current

B．wave

C．torrent

D．tide