Garbage Management Plan shall be carried on board by ______.A.Every ship of 400 gross tonn

Which country is most successful in garbage management？

A．Japan

B．America

C．India

D．Bangladesh

Which country is most successful in garbage management？

A．Japan.

B．America.

C．India.

D．Bangladesh.

Records of garbage disposal are required to be maintained _____.

A.until each quadrennial PSC inspection

B.until the end of each voyage

C.for a minimum of one year

D.for a minimum of two years

, loaded with thousands of tons of New York garbage, spent weeks wandering from one port to another in search of a dump before finally returning home, mission unaccomplished.

New York, like other communities throughout the world is running out of space to put its trash. As throwaway societies, the US and other industrialized countries expect their garbage to be picked up by trucks that magically transported the refuse to some out-of-sight incinerator(焚化炉) or dump. But in the developing counties of Asia, Africa and Latin America, thousands of tons of trash collected daily are thrown into open dumps, where it feeds huge populations of rats that swarm through poor neighborhoods.

"The world is literally swimming in garbage," says a scientist, "Communities worldwide are being forced to confront the problem." Green Peace spokesman Bryan Bence adds, "The crisis in garbage stems in part from the fact that we've ignored long-term disposal problem in favor of cheap quick fixes."

The garbage glut (过选剩) has inspired many communities in the U.S., Japan and Western Europe to start recycling programs. Once considered a curious counter culture activity recycling has moved firmly into the mainstream.

Recycling involves separating usable products from trash, processing them so they can be substituted for more expensive raw materials and returning them to the marketplace as parts of new products. Many countries now have mandatory recycling programs, and others plan to follow the trend soon. Most notably, Japan has stood out as a model and leader of the waste management trend, recycling an estimated 65 percent of its waste. "That's what we should do, to the garbage crisis", says David Antonioli, a staff member with the New York Public Interest Research Corp. "The earth is not a dump!"

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE？

A．The American ship eventually found a port and dumped its garbage before it returned home.

B．Throwaway societies don't need to transport their refuse and garbage to incinerator because they have a lot of space to put them.

C．The wandering ship with garbage reflected the fact that garbage problem became very serious.

D．The huge populations of rats swarm through poor neighborhood in many Western European countries because the garbage is thrown into the open dumps.

, loaded with thousands of tons of New York garbage, spent weeks wandering from one port to another in search of a dump before finally returning home, mission unaccomplished.

New York, like other communities throughout the world is running out of space to put its trash. As throwaway societies, the US and other industrialized countries expect their garbage to be picked up by trucks that magically transported the refuse to some out-of-sight incinerator

(焚化炉) or dump. But in the developing counties of Asia, Africa and Latin America, thousands of tons of trash collected daily are thrown into open dumps, where it feeds huge populations of rats that swarm through poor neighborhoods.

"The world is literally swimming in garbage," says a scientist. "Communities worldwide are being forced to confront the problem." Green Peace spokesman Bryan Bence adds, "The crisis in garbage stems in part from the fact that we've ignored long-term disposal problem in favor of cheap quick fixes."

The garbage glut (过剩) has inspired many communities in the U.S., Japan and Western Europe to start recycling programs. Once considered a curious counter culture activity recycling has moved firmly into the mainstream.

Recycling involves separating usable products from trash, processing them so they can be substituted for more expensive raw materials and returning them to the marketplace as parts of new products. Many countries now have mandatory recycling programs, and others plan to follow the trend soon. Most notably, Japan has stood out as a model and leader of the waste management trend, recycling an estimated 65 percent of its waste. "That's what we should do, to the garbage crisis", says David Antonioli, a staff member with the New York Public Interest Research Corp. "The earth is not a dump!"

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE？

A．The American ship eventually found a port and dumped its garbage before it returned home.

B．Throwaway societies don't need to transport their refuse and garbage to incinerator because they have a lot of space to put them.

C．The wandering ship with garbage reflected the fact that garbage problem became very serious.

D．The huge populations of rats swarm through poor neighborhood in many Western European countries because the garbage is thrown into the open dumps.

tons a year, will rise to 193 million tons by the end of the century 【21】______ nothing is done. This growing effluence of affluence, 3.5 pounds a day for every American, is a 【22】______ of our consumer society, 【23】______ watchwords are "convenience", "ready to use" and "throw away". And it has become a major national environmental issue. forcing citizens, 【24】______ officials and private companies to 【25】______ serious thought to rubbish.

The contentious reality is that the 【26】______ cheap and simple solution to trashdumping it in a landfill just beyond the edge of town 【27】______ no longer workable, particularly around major cities. Old dumps, which now get 8% of all garbage, are filling up, end new 【28】______ have become virtually 【29】______ to build with the result of skyrocketing land costs, 【30】______ stringent environmental regulations and shrill public opposition 【31】______ new landfills "in my backyard". "Five years from now," 【32】______ Bruce Waddle. director of the Environmental Protection Agency's municipal-solid-waste program, "we'll have only half the number of landfills operating."

With this grim prospect, new methods are required, all variations on the only four ways available to deal 【33】______ garbage: bury it, burn it, recycle it or don't make as 【34】______ in the first place. What's needed, experts say, is sophisticated 【35】______ fallout, called "integrated waste management" An 【36】______ valuable items are sorted out of the waste stream and turned 【37】______ new products, and the rest are burned cleanly in a furnace that also produces steam to 【38】______ electricity. Only the ash, 【39】______ of the original volume of trash, is then disposed 【40】______ in carefully engineered landfills.

【21】

A．whatever

B．even if

C．whenever

D．if

mberg mapped out a fair plan to get rid of 11,000 tons of New York City garbage every day. The complex proposal was designed to make each district take care of its own trash. It was also supposed to help limit noisy garbage trucks going long distances through, the city to reach marine barges (驳船), railways or out-of-state trash facilities. Nobody wanted these new garbage transfer stations in their neighborhood, even with promises of new high-tech, low-smell facilities. There are already stations in Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx and Staten Island, most of them in lower-income commtmities. Only one area of the city--the Upper East Side of Manhattan--has refused to accept a trash facility. The city should not give in to local resistance. It is time for residents in that neighborhood to accept a share of the citys garbage problem. The city should build a modern, environmentally sound facility at 91st Street to transfer trash from Manhattan to barges on the East River. That trash, estimated at up to 1,800 tons a day, would then go by barge to other states. Deputy Mayor Cas Hoiloway said last week that the city has had to fight off "lawsuit after lawsuit" with "every useless argument under the sun" from those opposing the 91st Street facility. Those delays have helped push the cost for building the station from $125 million in 2006 to about $ 226 million now. An earlier trash station at that site, which was closed in 1999, was badly designed so that trucks idled along York Avenue. The new facility, Mr. Holloway said, has been designed to reduce the congestion problem with longer ramps (匝道) leading to the facility, which sits on the eastern side of Franklin D. Roosevelt Drive. The plans also call for higher noise-blocking walls along the ramps. This terminal is an essential part of the citys 20-year waste management plan. John Doherty, the sanitation (环境卫生) commissioner, told critics at a hearing last week, "We will not entertain any changes to what is a fair and thoughtful, district-based approach that was founded on the principles of environmental equity for all New Yorkers." Environmental equity, in this case, means that the Upper East Side of Manhattan has to do its part. The plan worked out by Mayor Michael Bloomberg will______.

A.make garbage trucks no longer necessary

B.need more out-of-state trash facilities

C.reduce the amount of trash in the city

D.make each district deal with its own trash

tons a year, will rise to 193 million tons by the end of the century 【21】______ nothing is done. This growing effluence of affluence, 3.5 pounds a day for every American, is a 【22】______ of our consumer society, 【23】______ watchwords are "convenience", "ready to use" and "throw away". And it has become a major national environmental issue. forcing citizens, 【24】______ officials and private companies to 【25】______ serious thought to rubbish.

The contentious reality is that the 【26】______ cheap and simple solution to trashdumping it in a landfill just beyond the edge of town 【27】______ no longer workable, particularly around major cities. Old dumps, which now get 8% of all garbage, are filling up, end new 【28】______ have become virtually 【29】______ to build with the result of skyrocketing land costs, 【30】______ stringent environmental regulations and shrill public opposition 【31】______ new landfills "in my backyard". "Five years from now," 【32】______ Bruce Waddle. director of the Environmental Protection Agency's municipal-solid-waste program, "we'll have only half the number of landfills operating."

With this grim prospect, new methods are required, all variations on the only four ways available to deal 【33】______ garbage: bury it, burn it, recycle it or don't make as 【34】______ in the first place. What's needed, experts say, is sophisticated 【35】______ fallout, called "integrated waste management" An 【36】______ valuable items are sorted out of the waste stream and turned 【37】______ new products, and the rest are burned cleanly in a furnace that also produces steam to 【38】______ electricity. Only the ash, 【39】______ of the original volume of trash, is then disposed 【40】______ in carefully engineered landfills.

【21】

A．whatever

B．even if

C．whenever

D．if

A.conduction

B.confidence

C.concepts

D.concerns

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Each day every person in the Untied States throws away more than five pounds of garbage. There is more garbage now than ever before and most of it is made up of the packages and cans in which we put our food. The traditional way of getting rid of solid wastes is quickly becoming inadequate. Many cities are experimenting with newer ways of handling their growing piles of garbage.

One of these new ways is recycling. Through recycling usable materials are taken out of garbage and made into something else. These usable parts of garbage are put through the cycle of going from a raw material to finished product again.

In some cities a machine called Hydrapulper is being used to help recycle garbage. It is like a huge mixing machine. The garbage is dropped onto a conveyor belt that feeds the machine; At the same time, water is pumped into the machine. With a mixing action, the Hydrapulper throws out the heavy metal objects that can later be sold as waste metal. The rest of the garbage—paper, food, plastic, rubber, glass, wood leaves, and other items— falls apart. The waste is then mixed with water and carried to another piece of equipment where glass, sand and small pieces of metal are thrown out.

With the Hydrapulper, up to 95 percent of the original garbage is made again useful. The rest is turned into furnace ash.

(27)

A．A worthless burden to big cities.

B．Something that can be reused.

C．A raw material for making new products.

D．Something able to recycle but difficult to handle.