Over 60 million persons in the United States own a credit card. For these millions of Amer

fe can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick ? in the thirteenth century ,it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially ,the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such service lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant , whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and the might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time , but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speed stages. are reached in a fixed sequence. and at a constantage, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds. at twelvemonths he can speak simple words and understand simple commands. at eighteen month she has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1 000 words which he can put into sentences,and at four he knows his language differs from tbat of his parents in style. rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the eapacity of speaking. What is special about man&39;s brain, compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a toy- bear with the sound pattern toy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him. to analyze , to combine and recombine theparts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced-and this depends on interaction between the mother andthe. child. where the mother recognizes the signals in the child&39;s babbling. grasping and smiling,and responds to them. lnsensitivity of the mother to these signals dull the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

What is tbe purpose of the drastic experiment of Frederick in tbe thirteenth century?

A.To discover what language a child would speak without bearing any human speech

B.To prove that a baby couldn’t live witbout his mother

C.To find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak

D.To prove that a child would be damaged without learning a langunge

Aecording to the passnage the reason that children of the Frederick’s experment died is___.A.lack of language

B.lack of good mothering

C.without mothet tongue

D.the nurses’enteless nursing

Today some children are backward in speaking because___.A.they are incapable of learning langunge rapidly

B.tbey are faced with so mouch language at once

C.their mothers respond inadequstely to their attempts to speak

D.their brain is not programmed to learn language rapidly

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A.search

B.explore

C.survey

D.seek

Having accomplished this novel, Earnest Hemingway feit a great weight____ off his mind,

A.taking

B.took

C.taken

D.to be taken

import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States International Trade Commission (lTC) bas received about 280 complaints alleing(宣称) darmage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies. “dumped" their products in the United Ststes at"less than fair value". Even when no unfair practices are all alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief. Contrary to the generat impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally,they develop an intricate Web of marketing,production,and research relationships.The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad-the United States company&39;s products will be uncompetitive in the United States , since they would be subject to duties. Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt,used to deice ronds. The bizarre(古怪的)aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate(企业集团)with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The"United States company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate, while the"Canadian"companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestie producer of rock salt.

The main idea of the passage can best be described as____.

A.arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporations

B.warning that the application of laws affeting trade frequently has unintended comquences

C.demonstrating that foreign based firms receive more subsides from their governments than United States firms receive from the United States government

D.advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped” products but not for other imporis

It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is____A.a foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign govérnment

B.a foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States

C.a foreign competitor is seling products in the United States at less than fair value

D.the company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the Umited States

The relationship between the last paragraph and the other paragraphs can best be described as____A.it presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier

B.it discusses an exceptional case in which the results expected by the author of the passage were not obtained

C.it introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier

D.it cites aspecific case that illstrates a problem presented more generaly in the previous paragraph

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I can ______ you of the reliability of the information

A.assure

B.insure

C.secure

D.guarantee

Carole’s advice has made the computer better design than it____ .

A.would be otherwise

B.would otherwise have been

C.has to be otherwise

D.had otherwise been

”

A.you’re complaining

B.you’re criticizing

C.are you complaining

D.are you criticizing

Patrick worked hard day and during the summer holiday____he could pay for the lost car.

A.not until

B.as long

C.the moment

D.in order that

ny months before I settled down happily in this Himalayan community. I wasted a lot of time looking for the "typical"village. Yet no such thing exists. Conditions very too widely. Bui the villages I stayed in had much in common poverty, dirt,ignorance. Often the villagers themselves were puzzled, stispidous. Why had I come? I had put aside rny work as a political journalist because my ideas had changed. I had come to believe that what was happening in the Third World was more important than anything else. But to understand how three-quarters of the world’s people live，and how their future might affect ours. I felt that I first had to try and share their way of life. In the end l chose a mountain village because I was a little cooler than those in the plains. I took the bus from town along a bumpy road. Then came a rough walk down a steep path to the river. After this I began the climb into the hills. Whenever I stopped to catch my breath, there was a magnificent view. After soveral hours，walk the village came into view.

After the writer had arrived in India___.

A.he spent a year writing about the place he lived in

B.he took quite a long time to find a suitable place to live in

C.he spent years looking for a certain vilage

D.he lived in a Himalayan community for many months

While looking for a "typical" village the writer foundA.he was searching for the impossible

B.all the villagers were exactly the same

C.the villagers made him feel confused

D.the villagers asked him a lot of questions

Before coming’to India the writer____.

A.had been a successful politician

B.had made a decision to do no more work

C.had been dismissed from his job

D.had written articles for publication

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female. service workers—women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk. domestie servant ,and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work ,primarily becouse it seemed so different from traditional. unpaid "women&39;s work". in the home.and because the underlying economie forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender blind and hence emancipatory(解放的) in efect. Unfortunately. emancipation has been less profound than expected,for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation(隔离) in the workplace. To explain this unfinished tevolution in the status of women. Historiens have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women.even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions.For instance.early textile-mill entrepreneurs,in justilying women&39;s employment in wage labor. made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men. such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs.And employers. who assumed that women&39;s "real" aspirations were for marriage and family life.declined to pay women. wages commensurate with those of imen. Thus many lower-skilled , lower-paid.less secute jobs came to be perceived as "female".

Job segregation by sex in the United States was____.

A.justified by early textile mill owners

B.one means’for women to achieve greater job security

C.reluctantly challenged by employers

D.a constant source of labor unrest in the young textile industry

Historians of womens labor focused on factory work as a more promising area of research than service-sector work because factory work_____.A.involved the payment of higher wages

B.required skill in detailed tasks

C.was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregation

D.was more readily accepted by women than by men

It can be inferred trom the passage that early historians of women’s labor in the United States paid little attention to womens employment in the service sector of the economy because______ .A.fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory work

B.the wages paid to workers in the service sector were much lower than those paid in the industrial sector.

C.womens employment in the service sector tended to be much more short-term than in factory work

D.employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking

The early mill owners____.A.hoped that by creating relatively unattractive female jobs they would discourage women from losing interest in marriage and family life

B.sought to keep womens wages low by intereasing the size of the available labor force

C.argued that women were inherently suited to do well in particular kinds of factory work

D.thought that factory work bettered the condition of women by emancipating them from dependence on income earned by men.

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