A.Among the authors of codes governing new construction are people who were formerly building contractors.
B.The authors of codes governing new construction are under pressure to set rigorous specifications.
C.What are now regarded as established technologies were once so innovative that the authors of the codes then applicable could not have foreseen them.
D.Noncompliance with the codes governing new construction can prove extremely costly to the building contractor in charge of the project.
E.The established technologies of one country" s building industry can be very different from those of another"s.
第1题
ncient ancestors of the human species, were great collections of animal bones. From the frequencies of types of bones, it can be seen that many bones represented only parts of animals that must have died elsewhere. The australopithecines thus must have been mighty hunters, to have brought home so much meat. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion drawn above?
A.The australopithecines sometimes moved from cave to cave for shelter and did not remain in one cave for a lifetime.
B.The australopithecine bones found in the caves were those of adult males, adult females, and juveniles.
C.Evidence of the use of fire was absent from the caves in which the collections of bones were found.
D.Marks on the bones, including the bones of the australopithecines, are consistent with teeth marks of large catlike animals of the period.
E.The bones in the cave did not include bones of an elephantlike animal that existed in the area at the time of the australopithecines.
第2题
tained only from the bark of the Ibora, a tree that is quite rare in the wild. It takes the bark of 5,000 trees to make one kilogram of the drug. It follows, therefore, that continued production of the drug must inevitably lead to the Iboras extinction. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A.The drug made from Ibora bark is dispensed to doctors from a central authority.
B.The drug made from Ibora bark is expensive to produce.
C.The leaves of the Ibora are used in a number of medical products.
D.The Ibora can be propagated from cuttings and grown under cultivation.
E.The Ibora generally grows in largely inaccessible places.
第3题
e about proprietary results on their in-house researchers and their academic consultants. This constraint, in turn, would slow the development of biological science and engineering. Which of the following, if true, would tend to weaken most seriously the prediction of scientific secrecy described above?
A.Biotechnological research funded by industry has reached some conclusions that are of major scientific importance.
B.When the results of scientific research are kept secret, independent researchers are unable to build on those results.
C.Since the research priorities of biotechnology companies are not the same as those of academic institutions, the financial support of research by such companies distorts the research agenda.
D.To enhance the companies" standing in the scientific community, the biotechnology companies encourage employees to publish their results, especially results that are important.
E.Biotechnology companies devote some of their research resources to problems that are of fundamental scientific importance and that are not expected to produce immediate practical applications.
第4题
r ancient ancestors who were also foragers. A flaw in this strategy is that forager societies are extremely varied. Indeed, any forager society with which anthropologists are familiar has had considerable contact with modern nonforager societies. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the criticism made above of the anthropologists strategy?
A.All forager societies throughout history have had a number of important features in common that are absent from other types of societies.
B.Most ancient forager societies either dissolved or made a transition to another way of life.
C.All anthropologists study one kind or another of modern-day society.
D.Many anthropologists who study modern-day forager societies do not draw inferences about ancient societies on the basis of their studies.
E.Even those modern-day forager societies that have not had significant contact with modern societies are importantly different from ancient forager societies.
第5题
levels that are, on average, much higher than the levels found in older houses. The reason air-pollution levels are higher in the newer houses is that many such houses are built near the sites of old waste dumps or where automobile emissions are heavy. Which of the following, if true, calls into question the explanation above?
A.Many new houses are built with air-filtration systems that remove from the house pollutants that are generated indoors.
B.The easing of standards for smokestack emissions has led to an increase in air-pollution levels in homes.
C.New houses built in secluded rural areas are relatively free of air pollutants.
D.Warm-weather conditions tend to slow down the movement of air, thus keeping pollution trapped near its source.
E.Pressboard, an inexpensive new plywood substitute now often used in the construction of houses, emits the pollutant formaldehyde into the house.
第6题
control laws was 645 crimes per 100,000 persons—about 50 percent higher than the average rate in the eleven states where strict gun-control laws have never been passed. Thus one way to reduce violent crime is to repeal strict gun control laws. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
A.The annual rate of violent crime in states with strict gun-control laws has decreased since the passage of those laws.
B.In states with strict gun-control laws, few individuals are prosecuted for violating such laws.
C.In states without strict gun-control laws, many individuals have had no formal training in the use of firearms.
D.The annual rate of nonviolent crime is lower in states with strict gun-control laws than in states without such laws.
E.Less than half of the individuals who reside in states without strict gun-control laws own a gun.
第7题
tance that greatly impedes calcium absorption by the body. Therefore, other calcium-containing foods must be eaten either instead of or in addition to spinach if a person is to be sure of getting enough calcium. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A.Rice, which does not contain calcium, counteracts the effects of oxalic acid on calcium absorption.
B.Dairy products, which contain even more calcium than spinach does, are often eaten by people who eat spinach on a regular basis.
C.Neither the calcium nor the oxalic acid in spinach is destroyed when spinach is cooked.
D.Many leafy green vegetables other than spinach that are rich in calcium also contain high concentrations of oxalic acid.
E.Oxalic acid has little effect on the body" s ability to absorb nutrients other than calcium.
第8题
s that kill specific weeds but are harmless to grain crops, use a broad-spectrum herbicide effective against all kinds of plants and use genetic engineering specifically to make the crops impervious to the herbicide. Which of the following, if true, is the most serious obstacle to an implementation of the new idea outlined above?
A.Certain herbicides that are effective against specific weeds can inhibit the growth of certain crops as much as two years after application.
B.Research to date suggests that the nutritional properties of crop plants would not improve as a result of the genetic alterations being contemplated.
C.Most herbicides that kill only a narrow range of targets contain active ingredients that are harmful to domestic animals and wildlife.
D.Effective broad-spectrum herbicides are on the market, but their very effectiveness has so far rendered them unsuitable for agricultural weed control.
E.Although genetic modification has made individual plants of grain species resistant to broad-spectrum herbicides, the seeds that such plants produce will not sprout.
第9题
ysically fit. But only a small proportion of children ever participate in team sports. Moreover, team sports usually do less to encourage fitness in participants than do physical education programs that focus directly on aerobic exercise. The considerations above, if true, could be used most effectively to argue against
A.the use of in-school physical education programs to encourage lifelong fitness habits in students.
B.the participation by young children in community sports teams.
C.schools" relying heavily on aerobic exercise programs to help all children become physically fit.
D.the use of a large part of a school" s physical education curriculum for team sports.
E.the use of team sports in schools as an occasional activity for talented athletes.
第10题
ofit on each. However, FilmPro is losing money because people are buying illegally copied versions of its $ 25 videocassettes at far cheaper prices. So far, one million illegally copied cassettes have been sold for $ 5 each. Illegal copying, therefore, has cost the company at least $ 10 million in potential profits. Which of the following is an assumption that, if true, would allow the conclusion above to be properly drawn?
A.The price of the illegally copied videocassettes never goes below $ 5 apiece.
B.At least one million more cassettes would have been purchased from FilmPro for $ 25 apiece if the illegally copied cassettes had not been available.
C.FilmPro refunds money to customers dissatisfied with the original cassettes.
D.The illegally copied tapes are of such high quality that it is virtually impossible to differentiate between them and the originals.
E.FilmPro never sells discontinued videocassettes at less than $ 25 apiece.
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