--- My grandmother’s taken ill and I’ve got to go down to the hospital --- __________ .A.

A.had started

B.started

C.have started

D.was startin

My suggestion was that he_________ the offer as soon as possible.

A． should take

B． takes

C． would take

D． took

I insisted on ______ my fther _______ his medicine every dy, but he refused.reminding; tking B．to rem

A．reminding; taking

B．to remind; to take

C．to remind; taking

D．reminding; to tak

E．

The plane was about to _______, and yet I left my ticket behind.

A：take off

B：take on

C：take up

D：take in

听力原文：Man: Honey, where is my pen？

Woman: Why not use your computer？ Writing by hand takes more time and it isn't as convenient if you need to make any changes.

Q: Why does the woman suggest using the computer？

(5)

A．It's more convenient to make changes when using a computer.

B．A computer uses less paper.

C．It's less expensive to use the computer.

D．Changes are always needed when writing.

In news reports, to call a woman "grandmotherly" is shorthand for "kindly, frail, harmless, keeper of the family antimacassars, and operationally past tense."

For anthropologists and ethnographers of yore, grandmothers were crones, an impediment to "real" research. The renowned ethnographer Charles William Merton Hart, who in the 1920's studied the Tiwi hunter-gatherers of Australia, described the elder females there as "a terrible nuisance" and "physically quite revolting" and in whose company he was distressed to find himself on occasion, yet whose activities did not merit recording or analyzing with anything like the attention he paid to the men, the young women, even the children.

But for a growing number of evolutionary biologists and cultural anthropologists, grandmothers represent a key to understanding human prehistory, and the particulars of why we are as we are slow to grow up and start breeding but remarkably fruitful once we get there, empathetic and generous as animals go, and family-focused to a degree hardly seen elsewhere in the primate order.

As a result, biologists, evolutionary anthropologists, sociologists and demographers are starting to pay more attention to grandmothers': what they did in the past, whether and how they made a difference to their families' welfare, and what they are up to now in a sampling of cultures around the world.

At a recent international conference—the first devoted to grandmothers—researchers concluded with something approaching a consensus that grandmothers in particular, and elder female kin in general, have been an underrated source of power and sway in our evolutionary heritage. Grandmothers, they said, are in a distinctive evolutionary category. They are no longer reproductively active themselves, as older males may struggle to be, but they often have many hale years ahead of them; and as the existence of substantial proportions of older adults among even the most "primitive" cultures indicates, such durability is nothing new.

If, over the span of human evolution, postmenopausal women have not been using their stalwart bodies for bearing babies, they very likely have been directing their considerable energies elsewhere.

Say, over the river and through the woods. It turns out that there is h reason children are perpetually yearning for the flour-dusted, mythical figure called grandma or granny or oma or abuelita. As a number of participants at the conference demonstrated, the presence or absence of a grandmother often spelled the difference in traditional subsistence cultures between life or death for the grandchildren. In fact, having a grandmother around sometimes improved a child's prospects to a far greater extent than did the presence of a father.

Dr. Ruth Mace and Dr. Rebecca Sear of the department of anthropology at University College in London, for example, analyzed demographic information from rural Gambia that was collected from 1950 to 1974, when child mortality rates in the area were so high that even minor discrepancies in care could be all too readily tallied. The anthropologists found that for Gambian toddlers, weaned from the protective balm of breast milk but not yet possessing strength and immune vigor of their own, the presence of a grandmother cut their chances of dying in half.

"The surprising result to us was that if the father was alive or dead didn't matter," Dr. Mace said in a telephone interview. "If the grandmother dies, you notice it; if the father does, you don't."

Importantly, this beneficent granny effect derived only from maternal grandmothers— the mother of one's mother.

A．It makes people think of kindness, frailty, old fashion, etc.

B．The word has different associations for different people.

C．The word brings a sense of security to children.

D．The word means an impediment to real research.

In news reports, to call a woman "grandmotherly" is shorthand for "kindly, frail, harmless, keeper of the family antimacassars, and operationally past tense."

For anthropologists and ethnographers of yore, grandmothers were crones, an impediment to "real" research. The renowned ethnographer Charles William Merton Hart, who in the 1920's studied the Tiwi hunter-gatherers of Australia, described the elder females there as "a terrible nuisance" and "physically quite revolting" and in whose company he was distressed to find himself on occasion, yet whose activities did not merit recording or analyzing with anything like the attention he paid to the men, the young women, even the children.

But for a growing number of evolutionary biologists and cultural anthropologists, grandmothers represent a key to understanding human prehistory, and the particulars of why we are as we are —slow to grow up and start breeding but remarkably fruitful once we get there, empathetic and generous as animals go, and family-focused to a degree hardly seen elsewhere in the primate order.

As a result, biologists, evolutionary anthropologists, sociologists and demographers are starting to pay more attention to grandmothers: what they did in the past, whether and how they made a difference to their families' welfare, and what they are up to now in a sampling of cultures around the world.

At a recent international conference —the first devoted to grandmothers —researchers concluded with something approaching a consensus that grandmothers in particular, and elder female kin in general, have been an underrated source of power and sway in our evolutionary heritage. Grandmothers, they said, are in a distinctive evolutionary category. They are no longer reproductively active themselves, as older males may struggle to be, but they often have many hale years ahead of them; and as the existence of substantial proportions of older adults among even the most "primitive" cultures indicates, such durability is nothing new.

If, over the span of human evolution, postmenopausal women have not been using their Stalwart bodies for bearing babies, they very likely have been directing their considerable energies elsewhere.

Say, over the river and through the woods. It turns out that there is a reason children are perpetually yearning for the flourdusted, mythical figure called grandma or granny or oma or abuelita. As a number of participants at the conference demonstrated, the presence or absence of a grandmother often spelled the difference in traditional subsistence cultures between life or death for the grandchildren. In fact, having a grandmother around sometimes improved a child's prospects to a far greater extent than did the presence of a father.

Dr. Ruth Mace and Dr. Rebecca Sear of the department of anthropology at University College in London, for example, analyzed demographic information from rural Gambia that was collected from 1950 to 1974, when child mortality rates in the area were so high that even minor discrepancies in care could be all too readily tallied. The anthropologists found that for Gambian toddlers, weaned from the protective balm of breast milk but not yet possessing strength and immune vigor of their own, the presence of a grandmother cut their chances of dying in half.

"The surprising result to us was that if the father was alive or dead didn't matter," Dr. Mace said in a telephone interview. "If the grandmother dies, you notice it; if the father does, you don't."

Importantly, this beneficent granny effect derived only from maternal grandmothers —the mother of one's mother. The p

A．It makes people think of kindness, frailty, old fashion, etc.

B．The word has different associations for different people.

C．The word brings a sense of security to children.

D．The word means an impediment to real research.

【D8】

DOCTOR: WHAT HAS BEEN BOTHERING YOU？ PATIENT: I HAVE A STUFFY NOSE AND A SORE THROAT. PLUS, I" VE BEEN COUGHING A LOT. 【D8】______ DOCTOR: ANY STOMACH PAINS？ PATIENT: ACTUALLY, YES. MY STOMACH" S BEEN UPSET FOR A FEW DAYS. DOCTOR:【D9】______IT" S BEEN GOING AROUND LATELY. PATIENT: ANYTHING I CAN DO FOR IT？ DOCTOR: I"LL PRESCRIBE SOME MEDICINES FOR YOU TO TAK

E. 【D10】______ PATIENT: DOES THAT MEAN I SHOULDN" T GO TO WORK？ DOCTOR: ONLY WHEN YOU FEEL UP TO IT. YOU SHOULD STAY HOME FOR AT LEAST A DAY OR TWO. A. IT SOUNDS LIKE A FLU.

B. I ALSO ADVISE RESTING FOR A COUPLE OF DAYS.

C. BOY, WHEN IT RAINS, IT POURS.

D. HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN LIKE THIS？

阅读下面短文，回答下列各题： The days of old women doing nothing butcooking big meals are (Example: 0 ____________ )．Now they can join the Red HatSociety (红帽会)—a group holding the 41 __________ that old women should have fun． 42__________ men have long spent their old age fishing and playing, women have 43__________seemed tobecome invisible (看不见的) as they 44__________ old．"My grandmothers didnt do anything 45__________ keep house and serve everybody,"said Cornette．But the women now turning 50 didnt agree totheir 46__________ way of being young and are now 47 __________ a new way of growing old．Thats 48__________the Red Hat Society wants todo． "This is something just for me, "Comette 49 __________"We dont do anything,really．50__________ we do is to have fun．"

A.news

B.idea

C.plan

【D10】

DOCTOR: WHAT HAS BEEN BOTHERING YOU？ PATIENT: I HAVE A STUFFY NOSE AND A SORE THROAT. PLUS, I" VE BEEN COUGHING A LOT. 【D8】______ DOCTOR: ANY STOMACH PAINS？ PATIENT: ACTUALLY, YES. MY STOMACH" S BEEN UPSET FOR A FEW DAYS. DOCTOR:【D9】______IT" S BEEN GOING AROUND LATELY. PATIENT: ANYTHING I CAN DO FOR IT？ DOCTOR: I"LL PRESCRIBE SOME MEDICINES FOR YOU TO TAK

E. 【D10】______ PATIENT: DOES THAT MEAN I SHOULDN" T GO TO WORK？ DOCTOR: ONLY WHEN YOU FEEL UP TO IT. YOU SHOULD STAY HOME FOR AT LEAST A DAY OR TWO. A. IT SOUNDS LIKE A FLU.

B. I ALSO ADVISE RESTING FOR A COUPLE OF DAYS.

C. BOY, WHEN IT RAINS, IT POURS.

D. HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN LIKE THIS？

第二节 完型填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选择能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

The days of old women doing nothing but cooking big meals are gone. Now they can join the Red Hat Society(红帽会)—a group holding the【C1】______that old women should have fun.

【C2】______men have long spent their old age fishing and playing, women have【C3】______seemed to become invisible(看不见的) as they【C4】______old. "My grandmothers didn't do anything【C5】______keep house and serve everybody, " said Cornette. But the women now turning 50 didn't agree to their【C6】______way of being young and are now【C7】______a new way of growing old. That's【C8】______the Red Hat Society wants to do.

"This is something just for me, "Cornette【C9】______. "We don't do anything, really.【C10】______we do is to have fun. "

【C1】

A．news

B．idea

C．plan