Hotco oil burners, designed to be used in asphalt plants, are so efficient that Hotco will

ates, believed that a government that centralizes power in one individual or institution is dangerous to its citizens. Biographers claim that Tocqueville disliked-centralized government because he blamed Napoleons rule for the poverty of his childhood in Normandy. Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the biographers claim?

A．Although Napoleon was popularly blamed at the time for the terrible living conditions in Normandy, historians now know that bad harvests were really to blame for the poor economic conditions.

B．Napoleon was notorious for refusing to share power with any of his political associates.

C．Tocqueville said he knew that if his father had not suffered ill health, his family would have had a steady income and a comfortable standard of living.

D．Although Tocqueville asserted that United States political life was democratic, the United States of the nineteenth century allowed political power to be concentrated in a few institutions.

E．Tocqueville once wrote in a letter that, although his childhood was terribly impoverished, it was not different from the experience of his friends and neighbors in Normandy.

t next to our land is killing our plants. Company spokesperson: The refinery is not to blame, since our study shows that the damage is due to insects and fungi. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion drawn by the company spokesperson?

A．The study did not measure the quantity of pollutants emitted into the surrounding air by the aluminum refinery.

B．The neighboring landholders have made no change in the way they take care of their plants.

C．Air pollution from the refinery has changed the chemical balance in the plants" environment, allowing the harmful insects and fungi to thrive.

D．Pollutants that are invisible and odorless are emitted into the surrounding air by the refinery.

E．The various species of insects and fungi mentioned in the study have been occasionally found in the locality during the past hundred years.

months after it is reported. The police have been unfairly criticized for allowing such cars to be vandalized during this period. Because it is illegal for car owners to abandon cars on the street, police need not be concerned about protecting such cars. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

A．In the past, vehicles abandoned in Middletown were removed from the streets an average of four months after initial reports to police.

B．In one recent year, more than 150 abandoned vehicles were vandalized in Middletown, but police made no arrests for those actions.

C．Some cars initially classified by Middletown"s police as abandoned were later reclassified as stolen vehicles.

D．Middletown"s understaffed police force must give the disposition of abandoned cars low priority because of the number of violent crimes now committed there.

E．In the most recent year for which data are available, there were 28 percent fewer reports of abandoned vehicles than the yearly average for the previous ten years.

ain! Measure for measure, cream cheese has half the calories of butter. Indulge yourself with a clear conscience. The advertisement above is potentially misleading if which of the following is true?

A．Even butter is expensive in comparison with spreads that are still less expensive, such as margarine.

B．When using cream cheese as a spread, people tend to use several times as much as when using butter.

C．Other brands of cream cheese are approximately equal in caloric content to the brand advertised.

D．Even apart from caloric content, people generally think of cream cheese as luxurious because of its smooth taste.

E．Butter and cream cheese each contain a nutrient that the other does not.

ere killed illegally, some ivory is derived from sources that nearly all nations define as legal, such as elephants that have died natural deaths. The world s few remaining wild elephant herds, therefore, are not endangered when those buying ivory at wholesale make a serious effort to limit their purchases to such legal ivory. The argument above depends on the assumption that

A．wholesale buyers attempting to limit their purchases to legal ivory can reliably distinguish legal from illegal ivory.

B．the demand for products made from legal ivory will continue to grow in the near future.

C．there are currently fewer wholesale sources of legal ivory in the world than there are of illegal ivory.

D．wholesale buyers of ivory products are generally unaware of the reasons for the dwindling world supply of ivory.

E．a continued supply of legal ivory is ensured because elephants reproduce in captivity.

the screen just long enough for the eyes and ears to take them in. Unlike the pages of a book, which can be read as slowly or as quickly as the child wishes, television images appear with a relentless velocity that stunts rather than enhances the childs powers of imagination. The view expressed above is based on an assumption. Of the following, which can best serve as that assumption?

A．When allowed to choose a form. of entertainment, children will prefer reading to watching television.

B．A child"s imagination cannot be properly stimulated unless the child has access both to television and to books.

C．A child"s imagination can develop more fully when the child is able to control the pace of its entertainment.

D．Children should be taught to read as soon as they are able to understand what they see on television.

E．A child"s reaction to different forms of sensory stimuli cannot be predicted, since every child is different.

a minimally adequate diet for the worlds population. To predict that insufficient food production will cause a hunger crisis in the future is nonsense. Any hunger crisis will result from a distribution problem rather than a production problem. The statement above assumes which of the following?

A．The world"s food requirements are greater than they will be in the future.

B．A shortfall in the world"s food production can be prevented by a better distribution system.

C．The world"s food production will continue to be sufficient to meet or exceed needs.

D．The distribution of the world"s existing food supply will be improved in the future.

E．The world hunger crisis will not exist in the future.

ir money, but when nuclear-arms testing increased, people tended to spend more of their money. The perceived threat of nuclear catastrophe, therefore, decreases the willingness of people to postpone consumption for the sake of saving money. The argument above assumes that

A．the perceived threat of nuclear catastrophe has increased over the years.

B．most people supported the development of nuclear arms.

C．people"s perception of the threat of nuclear catastrophe depends on the amount of nuclear-arms testing being done.

D．the people who saved the most money when nuclear-arms testing was limited were the ones who supported such limitations.

E．there are more consumer goods available when nuclear-arms testing increases.

ight. The ice melted quickly after the car was warmed up the next morning because the defrosting vent, which blows only on the front windshield, was turned on full force. Which of the following, if true, most seriously jeopardizes the validity of the explanation for the speed with which the ice melted?

A．The side windows had no ice condensation on them.

B．Even though no attempt was made to defrost the back window, the ice there melted at the same rate as did the ice on the front windshield.

C．The speed at which ice on a window melts increases as the temperature of the air blown on the window increases.

D．The warm air from the defrosting vent for the front windshield cools rapidly as it dissipates throughout the rest of the car.

E．The defrosting vent operates efficiently even when the heater, which blows warm air toward the feet or faces of the driver and passengers, is on.

iolence is sent to play with a group of children who have been watching programs that do not include acts of violence, the children who have been watching violent programs commit a much greater number of violent acts in their play than do the children who have been watching nonviolent programs. Therefore, children at play can be prevented from committing violent acts by not being allowed to watch violence on television. The argument in the passage assumes which one of the following?

A．Television has a harmful effect on society.

B．Parents are responsible for the acts of their children.

C．Violent actions and passive observation of violent actions are not related.

D．There are no other differences between the two groups of children that might account for the difference in violent behavior.

E．Children who are treated violently will respond with violence.