Since the mayor s publicity campaign for Greenville s bus service began six months ago, mo

08,000 members of the United States armed forces died overseas. On the basis of those figures, it can be concluded that it was not much more dangerous to be overseas in the armed forces during the Second World War than it was to stay at home as a civilian. Which of the following would reveal most clearly the absurdity of the conclusion drawn above?

A.Counting deaths among members of the armed forces who served in the United States in addition to deaths among members of the armed forces serving overseas.

B.Expressing the difference between the numbers of deaths among civilians and members of the armed forces as a percentage of the total number of deaths.

C.Separating deaths caused by accidents during service in the armed forces from deaths caused by combat injuries.

D.Comparing death rates per thousand members of each group rather than comparing total numbers of deaths.

E.Comparing deaths caused by accidents in the United States to deaths caused by combat in the armed forces.

an invention—to universities , not the government, when those patents result from government-sponsored university research. Administrators at Logos University plan to sell any patents they acquire to corporations in order to fund programs to improve undergraduate teaching. Which of the following, if true, would cast most doubt on the viability of the college administrators plan described above?

A．Profit-making corporations interested in developing products based on patents held by universities are likely to try to serve as exclusive sponsors of ongoing university research projects.

B．Corporate sponsors of research in university facilities are entitled to tax credits under new federal tax-code guidelines.

C．Research scientists at Logos University have few or no teaching responsibilities and participate little if at all in the undergraduate programs in their field.

D．Government-sponsored research conducted at Logos University for the most part duplicates research already completed by several profit-making corporations.

E．Logos University is unlikely to attract corporate sponsorship of its scientific research.

potential exhibit. In truth, however, donated objects require storage space, which is not free, and routine conservation, which is rather expensive. Therefore, such gifts exacerbate rather than lighten the demands made on a museum s financial resources. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

A．To keep patrons well disposed, a museum will find it advisable to put at least some donated objects on exhibit rather than merely in storage.

B．The people who are most likely to donate valuable objects to a museum are also the people who are most likely to make cash gifts to it.

C．A museum cannot save money by resorting to cheap storage under less than adequate conditions, because so doing would drive up the cost of conservation.

D．Patrons expect a museum to keep donated objects in its possession rather than to raise cash by selling them.

E．Objects donated by a patron to a museum are often of such importance that the museum would be obliged to add them to its collection through purchase if necessary.

agricultural production in(Country X since its new government came to power. Neighboring(Country Y has experienced the same climatic conditions, but while agricultural production has been falling in Country X, it has been rising in Country Y. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

A．Industrial production also is declining in Country X.

B．Whereas(Country Y is landlocked, Country X has a major seaport.

C．Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.

D．The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those that have always been grown in Country Y.

E．Gauntry X" s new government instituted a centralized economy with the intention of ensuring an equitable distribution of goods.

the bacteria that form. the shrimps diet can be found. Because the geysers emit a faint light, scientists have concluded that the shrimps light sensitive dorsal patches were developed to locate the geysers and thereby find food. Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the scientists conclusion?

A．The light to which the shrimps are sensitive is not the sort of light that the geysers emit.

B．The light given off by the geysers too faint to be detected by the human eye.

C．The heat inside a geyser"s stream is sufficient to kill instantly any bacteria that move into it.

D．Most other types of shrimp use eyes located at the end of eyestalks in order to see.

E．In other types of shrimp a heat-sensing organ has developed that could serve the same geyser-detecting purposes as the light sensitive patches are said to serve.

d is a renewable resource and can always be kept in constant supply, the use of wood instead of oil for home heating would be one way to assure the availability of energy resources in the future. The argument above would be most seriously weakened if which of the following were true?

A．In every country that uses wood for heating, wood is used to provide only part, not all, of the heat for a home.

B．Every country that has ever used wood for heating has depleted its forests before the forests were able to regenerate themselves.

C．Every country that has used wood for home heating has done so only because it possessed a limited amount of other natural resources.

D．Many countries that use wood primarily for heating have a high incidence of fires that are due to improperly installed wood stoves.

E．In some countries the wood that would be used for home heating is owned by the government.

based on evidence that a cloud of dust from the impact blocked off sunlight around the globe for months, reducing temperatures and destroying the dinosaurs food supply. Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the theory above?

A．Dinosaurs are believed to have been cold-blooded and thus very sensitive to any temperature change.

B．Some dinosaurs lived in regions where their food supply was not well adapted for long periods of cold and darkness.

C．Many large animals that existed during the time of the dinosaurs and shared a common food supply with them continued to populate the Earth long after the extinction of the dinosaurs.

D．A large volcanic explosion that strewed dust in the air and blocked out sunlight was the cause of death of animals within hundreds of miles of the eruption.

E．Many of the largest dinosaurs were herbivorous relying exclusively on vegetation for their dietary needs.

re Zenon brand bicycles. The agency based the conclusion on the ratio of the number of rider injuries to the number of riding hours for each brand of bicycle from 1981 through 19Yet for identically designed bicycles manufactured since 1985, the number of rider injuries has been twice as great among riders of Xylos as among riders of Zenons. Therefore, the agencys conclusion would have been different for the period since 19Which of the following is an assumption that, if true, supports the claim that the agencys conclusion would have been different for the period since 1985?

A．For the period since 1985, the number of riding hours for Zenons totaled at least half the number of riding hours for Xylos.

B．Of all the bicycles ridden in the period since 1985, the percentage of Xylos ridden was twice the percentage of Zenons ridden.

C．Prior to 1985, Zenon owners were more likely than Xylo owners to report the injuries they sustained while riding their bicycles.

D．In 1985 the agency had miscalculated the ratio for Xylos, for Zenons, or for both.

E．Soon after the agency had issued its report, consumer demand for Xylos increased more rapidly than did consumer demand for Zenons.

ed to Rembrandt, is not a Rembrandt after all. So say several art experts, who base their conclusion on an analysis of stylistic features, especially details both of shading and of brushwork. In order to ascertain who really painted the well-known masterpiece, the experts have begun a series of sophisticated new tests, including one that involves the activation of neutrons. These tests yield patterns for any painter that are as distinctive as a good set of fingerprints. Which of the following is an assumption on which the conclusion of the art experts depends?

A．The Man with the Golden Helmet was not painted during Rembrandt"s lifetime.

B．If even The Man with the Golden Helmet is of questionable attribution, then any supposedly authentic Rembrandt has now become suspect.

C．The painting known as The Man with the Golden Helmet is a copy of a Rembrandt original.

D．The original ascription of The Man with the Golden Helmet to Rembrandt was a deliberate fraud.

E．There are significant consistencies among authentic Rem-brandts in certain matters of style.

he economic behavior. of our society. However, that sense is no longer nurtured as consistently in our children as it once was. For example, it used to take a bit of patience to put together the toys that children got in cereal boxes; now the toys come from the boxes whole. Which of the following is an assumption of the passage above?

A．The toys in cereal boxes have changed partly because the economic conditions of our society have improved.

B．The influence of promotion gimmicks on the economic behavior. of our society has increased over the years.

C．The toys that used to come in cereal boxes were put together by the same children who played with them.

D．Part of the pleasure of any toy lies in putting the toy together before playing with it.

E．Today" s children do not expect a single toy to provide pleasure for a long period of time.