Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
You hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn't feel good. Why doesn't ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.
The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, "hunger, sickness, and cold" threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. "Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours." After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.
To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn't really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctively—and wrongly—labeled government only as "a necessary evil".
It's often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich—overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people's incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43, 200.
People feel "squeezed" because their rising incomes often don't satisfy their rising wants—for bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.
The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear they've become "the disposable American," as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.
Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested Utopian(乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.
Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity (肥胖症). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.
Should we be surprised? Not really. We've simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.
What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?
A.Why statistics don't tell the truth about the economy.
B.Why affluence doesn't guarantee happiness.
C.How happiness can be promoted today.
D.What lies behind an economic boom.
第1题
诱导尿潴留的老人排尿方法有()。
A.让老人听节奏感强的音乐
B.让老人听流水声
C.让老人运动运动
D.让老人多休息
第2题
心理保健的方法不包括()。
A.和老人说话
B.和老人交流
C.和老人沟通
D.给老人买贵重物品
第3题
给老人喂食的正确方法是()。
A.鼓励老人尽量自己用手拿取面包,小块食物吃
B.为了节约时间,让老人用手拿大块食物吃
C.喂食前不需要向老人解释喂食的目的
D.老人不能用手自己拿东西吃
第4题
预防不良情绪的产生不通过()。
A.给老人上心理知识的讲座
B.组织老人参加文娱活动
C.让老人长时间打麻将
D.组织老人参加体育活动
第5题
老人进餐前护理员应()。
A.协助老人洗手
B.协助老人漱口
C.让老人自己抹好桌子
D.让老人家属安排老人到餐厅就座
第6题
下列()不是正确避免与子女分开居住老人产生孤独感的方法。
A.组织老人参加晨练小组
B.培养老人一些兴趣爱好
C.多与老人交流子女的情况
D.让老人长时间打牌
第7题
年轻人给老人“压岁钱”是为了:
A.得到老人的祝福
B.获得老人的称赞
C.希望老人能长寿
D.让老人开心大笑
第8题
()是指主动或者被动的让老人得不到所需要的帮助,导致老人的身体、情绪或心理方面的健康衰退。
A.虐待老人
B.忽视老人
C.疏于照顾老人
D.恶意对待老人
第9题
帮助老人转移不良情绪可以()。
A.让老人多从事自己感兴趣的事情
B.帮助老人回忆那些不愉快的事
C.让老人家属将老人带回家静养
D.将老人送往医院进行精神科治疗
第10题
关于老人睡眠障碍的观察,下列()是错误。
A.了解老人平时睡眠的规律
B.了解老人活动的情况
C.让老人晚餐多吃点
D.睡前个人卫生,睡眠姿势等
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