Pubs can be found in every town, city or village in Britain. Social life for many people h

The fact is that the typical English pub is changing, not only 【24】______ the licensing laws not being so strict as they 【25】______ , but also because publicans are trying to 【26】______ away with the old Victorian 【27】______ of the pub and 【28】______ provide couples with an atmosphere where they can both feel happy. Pubs used not to open 【29】______ at certain limes. The result was that they were usually 【30】______ with men who seemed to be drinking as much as possible in the lime 【31】______ . But that kind of pub is quickly becoming a thing of the past.

Curiously enough, the old British licensing laws, which foreigners found so objectionable and absurd, were 【32】______ introduced as a 【33】______ measure to stop workers drinking in the World War I. 【34】______ , the strong puritanical 【35】______ in Parliament took 【36】______ of the law and 【37】______ it.

Opening hours arc 【38】______ limited to eight hours a day, but publicans can now choose which hours 【39】______ them best. And nowadays you can even get a cup of coffee if you prefer 【40】______ beer. But in spite of this the Puritans would never dream of admitting that a pub could become a repeatable place.

【21】

A．and

B．though

C．when

D．as

According to government statistics, men of all social classes in Britain visit pubs quite regularly,【61】the kind of pub they go to may be different and their reasons for going there【62】, too. Nowadays they often take their wives or girl-friends, which【63】to be the case.

The fact is that the typical English pub is changing, partly【64】the licensing laws not being so strict as they【65】, but also because publicans are trying to【66】away with the old Victorian【67】of the pub and【68】provide couples with an atmosphere where they can both enjoy themselves. Pub used not to open【69】at certain times. The result was that they were usually【70】with men who seemed to be drinking as much as possible in the time【71】. But that kind of pub is rapidly becoming a thing of the past.

Curiously enough, the old British licensing laws, which foreigners found so objectionable and absurd, were【72】introduced as a【73】measure to stop workers drinking in the First World War.【74】, the strong Puritanical【75】in Parliament took【76】of the law and【77】it.

Opening hours are【78】limited to eight hours a day, but the publican can now choose which hours【79】him best. And these days you can even get a cup of coffee if you prefer【80】beer. But in spite of this the Puritans would never dream of admitting that a pub could become a repeatable place.

(41)

A．and

B．though

C．when

D．as

听力原文： Visitors to Britain may find the best place to approach local culture is in a traditional pub. The mysterious rituals of British pubs must be taken into consideration.

Most pubs have no waiters. You have to go to the bar to buy drinks. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose. Pub culture is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which conversation with strangers is considered entirely appropriate and really quite normal behavior.

"If you haven't been to a pub, you haven't been to Britain." This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists' Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers' code of conduct for those wanting to sample "a central part of British life and culture". The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks. Nothing irritates the regular customers and the bar staff more than a gang of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.

(26)

A．Church.

B．Art museum.

C．Buckingham Palace.

D．Local pubs.

The fact is that the typical English pub is changing, partly 【24】______ the licensing laws not being so strict as they 【25】______ ,but also because publicans are trying to 【26】______ away with the old Victorian 【27】______ of the pub and 【28】______ provide couples with an atmosphere where they can both feel happy. Pub used not to open 【29】______ at certain times. The result was that they were usually 【30】______ with men who seemed to be drinking as much as possible in the time 【31】______ . But that kind of pub is quickly becoming a thing of the past.

Curiously enough, the old British licensing laws, which foreigners found so objectionable and absurd, were 【32】______ introduced as a 【33】______ measure to stop workers drinking in the World War I. 【34】______ , the strong Puritanical 【35】______ in Parliament took 【36】______ of the law and 【37】______ it.

Opening hours are 【38】______ limited to eight hours a day, but the publican can now choose which hours 【39】______ him best. And nowadays you can even get a cup of coffee if you prefer 【40】______ beer. But in spite of this the Puritans would never dream of admitting that a pub could become a repeatable place.

【21】

A．and

B．though

C．when

D．as

The "Bill" in the second paragraph refers to______.

A．some new pubs and clubs will be open

B．some pubs and clubs will be closed

C．pubs and clubs can be open at different times

D．pubs and clubs can be open day and night

In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, an European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those who drink with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of l,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.

After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 t0 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity(口腔) , pharynx (咽 ) , and esophagus(食管) , when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer(喉癌). "Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced too smoking or drinking by study volunteers, " Dal Maso says. The discouraging news his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn't eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups,based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up t0 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 cups of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, com-pared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 t0 34 alcohol cups a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consump-tion groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled(四倍) their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.

People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had lo times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 0r fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.

"Alcohol can inflame(使发炎) tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer. " Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially covering digestive-tract (消化道) tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol

Who are more likely to develop cancer in the mouth and neck？

A.People who drink alcohol outside of meals

B.People who drink alcohol at meals

C.People who never drink alcohol

D.People who drink alcohol only at bars and pubs

"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning

In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, an European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those who drink with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of l,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.

After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 t0 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity(口腔) , pharynx (咽 ) , and esophagus(食管) , when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer(喉癌). "Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced too smoking or drinking by study volunteers, " Dal Maso says. The discouraging news his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn't eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups,based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up t0 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 cups of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, com-pared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 t0 34 alcohol cups a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consump-tion groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled(四倍) their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.

People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had lo times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 0r fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.

"Alcohol can inflame(使发炎) tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer. " Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially covering digestive-tract (消化道) tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol

Who are more likely to develop cancer in the mouth and neck？

A.People who drink alcohol outside of meals

B.People who drink alcohol at meals

C.People who never drink alcohol

D.People who drink alcohol only at bars and pubs

A．the anti-smoking advertisements are not convincing owing to their exaggeration

B．the teenage smokers developed the habit of smoking out of the compulsory pressure from their schoolmates

C．smoking is a relatively low-costing bad habit

D．one can always get cigarettes in pubs when vending machines are removed

Question8: How can I list all California authors regardless of

whether they have written a book？

In database pubs, have a table authors and titleauthor , table authors has a

column state, and titleauhtor have books each author written.

CA behalf of california in table authors.