Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more c

中国元素

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其实包括到2020年建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。 2011年，中国超越日本成为第二大经济体。

茶文化

"你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

信息技术

信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。

书信：毕业时就业还是上研究生

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend&39; s inquiry about Plan after graduation. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

假如你是李明，你的朋友石头来信咨询你的毕业之后的计划，考研还是就业，请根据自己的情况写封回信告知石头你的态度，并说明理由。

志愿者活动

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Volunteering activities. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 越来越多的人从事志愿者工作 2. 志愿者工作的社会意义 3. 作为大学生，应该怎么做

Universities Branch Out

A．As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national

competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific

discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent

required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of

national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has

made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and

geopolitical stability.

B．In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have

become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent

the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them

for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an

interconnected world and collaborative (合作的)research programs to advance science for

the benefit of all humanity.

C．Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across

borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study

abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in

2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to

developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing

countries, is on the rise, too.

Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States

and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for

undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s

best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20

percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in

China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their

graduate education abroad.

D．Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in

another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program

each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the

continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer

internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the

way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship

opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.

E．Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves

sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard

Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the

genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty

colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students

working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate

students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both

campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive,

thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students,

postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S.

team.

F．As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world

in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe. computer and the

integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications

software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application

is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by

Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from

MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model,

perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other

leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.

G． For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the

research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in

science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady.

The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has

risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and

engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up

lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable

increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of

inflation plus 3 percent per year.

H．American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign

students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international

understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and

foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September

11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students

seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in

Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders

led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is

still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.

I． Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being

through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American

competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that

welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first,

the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—

strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become

ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least

they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are

as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university

students.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。

46.American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them

chances for international study or internship.

47.Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual

rate of 3.9 percent.

48.The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather

than threaten its competitiveness.

49.The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of

globalization.

50.Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty

percent come from foreign countries.

51.The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after

September 11 due to changes in the visa process.

52.The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.

53.Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science

and industrial application.

54.Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.

55.When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to their home

countries.

ry research which investigates l o family gardens over 2 planting seasons．

ughts from ideas implanted by advertisers．Self-driving cars restrict old．school human drivers to special recreation parks．And the optimal（最佳的）number offingers is 12．5． B．Confused?It’s a vision of the world in 25 years，as dreamed up by today’s researchers in computer-human interaction（CHI）． C． CHI normally means investigating better ways for people to interact with devices we have now，but last week attendees at the annual conference in Toront0，Canada，got ahead of themselves．They created an imaginary conference agenda for 2039 that predicts the kinds of challenges we will face with future computers——many of which will be implanted． D．“It’s meant to be sort of the fringes（边缘）of human——computer interaction research，what’s really edgy or provocative，”says Eric Baumer of Cornell University in Ithaca，New York，who dreamed up the idea of the conference．“There’s a lot of retrospective thinking about the past，but there’s not as much thinking about what are the futures toward which we think we’re working．”E．We used the abstracts to create a list of the questions we—or more accurately．our cyborg descendants——might have about computers in 2039． Is it weird when my organs talk to each other?F．In an abstract entitled“My liver and my kidney compared notes”，IBM researcher Michael Muller，based in Cambridge，Massachusetts，looks at what happens when the implanted monitors on people’s intemal organs—a network he calls Arterionet——are able to share data and pool knowledge to offer enhanced health tips． G．His conclusion：“While most users were skeptical．many users proposed additional features that could lead to greater acceptance and compliance with such recommendations．”H．It’s worth thinking about how people might deal with health tips from organ monitors．Wearable technology that tracks your activity or your health status is slowly gaining popularity while researchers earlier this year implanted power-generating silicone strips on the hearts，lungs and diaphragms（横膈膜） of live cows，pigs and sheep．Muller says the biggest challenge to creating Arterionet will be figuring out how to fit the artificial intelligence in a sufficiently small and safe package． Why do plants need their own Facebook，again?I．To understand this question，you need to know about Plantastic，the brainchild of Bill Tomlinson and his colleagues at the University of California at Irvine． J．In their abstract，they reason that to make our food supply more sustainable，it may make sense to grow more fruits and vegetables close to home．But certain crops thrive when they’re grown in large quantities or alongside certain other plants——too tall all order for the average farmer． K． Enter Plantastic，which would advise what plants would work best for your area and tell you what people in the neighbourhood are growing．Nanochips on plants would feed data back to the site．That information in turn could be used to 1earn more about what grows best in which environment． L．Assuming people will want to know whether this adds anything，Tomlinson’s team created a fictional（虚构的）study that looks at l o backyard gardens over two growing seasons．It suggests that using Plantastic will increase yields by 4 to 12 percent． M．Tomlinson’s graduate student Juliet Norton is working on an early version of what the online system might look like． Autonomous cars have made driving so boring——what shall I do instead?N．Andreas Riener at the Institute for Pervasive Computing in Linz．Austria，has written an abstract that starts with a bold view of the future：“The first self-driving car cruised on our roads in 2019．Now，20 years after，it is time to review how this innovation has changed our mobility behaviour．”O． This vision is rooted in a real trend．Self-driving cars have been making headlines for several years now．They are legal to drive in the state of Nevada．and Google’s driverless car has already racked up hundreds of thousands of practice miles． P． Reiner’s contribution is to explore how this will change us．He predicts that once the robots take the wheel everywhere．many of us will lose interest in driving altogether．Fewer of us will own our own cars．Those who do won’t waste as much time pimping them out or driving around iust for fun．People who still love cars might have to seek their thrills in special“recreation parks”．where they can drive manually in an artificial environment．“If the vehicles of the future are only a means to get from A to B，this car culture would get lost．”he says． Did I just think up that idea or did an advertiser implant it?Q．Multiple contributors to CHl 2039 ponder the future of brain implants．Whether it involves capturing input from each of our senses or recording neurons（神经元）directly in the brain，they assume that this one is a question not of if but when．And that could bring opportunities——and challenges． R．Shachar Maidenbaum of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem，Israel，envisions devices that could record our day-to-day experiences and then allow US to share our memories with one another，revolutionising courts，classrooms，and our social interactions． S．Daniel Gruen of IBM Research，meanwhile，envisions devices that could prompt your memory when you forget something．一with some darker consequences．“Imagine in the future that you have systems that help you with memory，”he says．“At what point do you start wondering．‘Wait．I’ve had an idea．Is that really mine or is that idea coming from somewhere else?”’So，what is the ideal number of fingers?T． Ever strain yourself swiping across your iPhone screen?That problem would go away if you could have an extra thumb surgically（手术地）attached to your hand． U．That’s the starting point for a fictitious study of l 24 people who have chosen to augment their hands with bionic（仿生的）fingers——on average they have 13．4 digits．Johannes Schfnin9，a computer scientist at Hasselt University in Belgium，even comes to an intriguing conclusion：“The optimal finger count is l 2．5，with six normal—sized fingers on each hand and the dominant hand having an extra half-sized finger that can be moved with 6 degrees of freedom．”V．It’s entertaining stuff but even SchSning admits that 25 years might not be long enough for this one to appear．

In his article．Michael Muller investigates the consequences of Arterionet’s being capable of sharing information to supply extra strong health advices．

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