根据下列文章,回答31~35题。
The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.
Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its prebubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotiveassembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.
More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.
What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have begun to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.
As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.
第 31 题 The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries
A.is subject to groundless doubts.
B.has fallen victim of bias.
C.is conventionally downgraded.
D.has been overestimated.
第2题
正常成人外周血涂片中不可能见到的是
A、镰形红细胞
B、口形红细胞
C、嗜多色性红细胞
D、嗜碱性红细胞
E、有核红细胞
第4题
正常成人外周血涂片经瑞氏染色后,不能见到的是
A、口形红细胞
B、裂红细胞
C、嗜多色性红细胞
D、嗜碱性点彩红细胞
E、有核红细胞
第5题
铅中毒时外周血涂片中易见
A、小红细胞
B、球形红细胞
C、嗜碱性点彩红细胞
D、嗜多色性红细胞
E、有核红细胞
第6题
铅中毒时外周血涂片中易见 ()
A、嗜碱性点彩红细胞
B、球形红细胞
C、小红细胞
D、嗜多色性红细胞
E、有核红细胞
第10题
铅中毒患者外周血中可见到的异常红细胞是
A、小红细胞
B、有核红细胞
C、嗜碱性点彩红细胞
D、嗜多色性红细胞
E、新月形红细胞
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