When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does n

Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less

purpose when applied to paradigms dominated by alternative models of

transactions and social relationships. In small groups gift-giving is substituted

Line for the role of exchange, which entails obligation: people receiving gifts are

(5) expected to reciprocate in the future and this reciprocity binds small groups

together, whereas exchange rarely does so. Two people exchange only when

both benefit, neither incurring a social obligation as a result, and where social

obligations exist, exchange may not work well. Exchange nevertheless allows

for extremely complex interactions among strangers: when employing a

(10) product, a consumer benefits from the efforts of hundreds of anonymous people

who have contributed to that commodity. Such analysis also has its limits in the

case of an area such as government, for economics seeks regularities in social

life, which are more likely to occur when no one individual has an appreciable

effect on the group.

Which of the following might serve as the most appropriate title for the passage？

A．Small Groups and Governments, A Comparison of Two Economic Methods

B．Social Obligation and the Consumer: A Case Study

C．Regular vs. Irregular Systems in Economics

D．The Comparative Strength of Economics in Various Areas

E．The Triumph of Analysis in Economic Theory

Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less

purpose when applied to paradigms dominated by alternative models of

transactions and social relationships. In small groups gift-giving is substituted

for the role of exchange, which entails obligation: people receiving gifts are

(5) expected to reciprocate in the future and this reciprocity binds small groups

together, whereas exchange rarely does so. Two people exchange only when

both benefit, neither incurring a social obligation as a result, and where social

obligations exist, exchange may not work well. Exchange nevertheless allows

for extremely complex interactions among strangers: when employing a

(10) product, a consumer benefits from the efforts of hundreds of anonymous people

who have contributed to that commodity. Such analysis also has its limits in the

case of an area such as government, for economics seeks regularities in social

life, which are more likely to occur when no one individual has an appreciable

effect on the group.

Which of the following might serve as the most appropriate title for the passage？

A．Small Groups and Governments, A Comparison of Two Economic Methods

B．Social Obligation and the Consumer：A Case Study

C．Regular vs. Irregular Systems in Economics

D．The Comparative Strength of Economics in Various Areas

E．The Triumph of Analysis in Economic Theory

Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less

purpose when applied to paradigms dominated by alternative models of

transactions and social relationships. In small groups gift-giving is substituted

for the role of exchange, which entails obligation: people receiving gifts are

(5) expected to reciprocate in the future and this reciprocity binds small groups

together, whereas exchange rarely does so. Two people exchange only when

both benefit, neither incurring a social obligation as a result, and where social

obligations exist, exchange may not work well. Exchange nevertheless allows

for extremely complex interactions among strangers: when employing a

(10) product, a consumer benefits from the efforts of hundreds of anonymous people

who have contributed to that commodity. Such analysis also has its limits in the

case of an area such as government, for economics seeks regularities in social

life, which are more likely to occur when no one individual has an appreciable

effect on the group.

Which of the following might serve as the most appropriate title for the passage？

A．Small Groups and Governments, A Comparison of Two Economic Methods

B．Social Obligation and the Consumer：A Case Study

C．Regular vs. Irregular Systems in Economics

D．The Comparative Strength of Economics in Various Areas

E．The Triumph of Analysis in Economic Theory

Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less

purpose when applied to paradigms dominated by alternative models of

transactions and social relationships. In small groups gift-giving is substituted

Line for the role of exchange, which entails obligation: people receiving gifts are

(5) expected to reciprocate in the future and this reciprocity binds small groups

together, whereas exchange rarely does so. Two people exchange only when

both benefit, neither incurring a social obligation as a result, and where social

obligations exist, exchange may not work well. Exchange nevertheless allows

for extremely complex interactions among strangers: when employing a

(10) product, a consumer benefits from the efforts of hundreds of anonymous people

who have contributed to that commodity. Such analysis also has its limits in the

case of an area such as government, for economics seeks regularities in social

life, which are more likely to occur when no one individual has an appreciable

effect on the group.

Which of the following might serve as the most appropriate title for the passage？

A．Small Groups and Governments, A Comparison of Two Economic Methods

B．Social Obligation and the Consumer: A Case Study

C．Regular vs. Irregular Systems in Economics

D．The Comparative Strength of Economics in Various Areas

E．The Triumph of Analysis in Economic Theory

ween marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the【C1】______production of goods, and then【C2】______on "persuasive salesmanship"-- to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling【C3】______on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then【C4】______them into money.

Marketing, on the other .hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the【C5】______and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will【C6】______them. This eye-on-the-consumer【C7】______is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what .the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it【C8】______for purchase. Every【C9】______-- design, production, distribution, promotion -- is made according to consumer demand.

This concept does not【C10】______that consumer satisfaction is given【C11】______over profit in a company. There are always two【C12】______to every business activity -- the firm and the customer and each must be satisfied before trade【C13】______Successful merchants and producers,【C14】______, recognized that the surest route to profit is【C15】______understanding customers. This concept has been recognized in such slogans as "Have it your way," and "You are the boss". A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer【C16】______itself in mind.

1985, when Coca Cola changed the【C17】______of its drink. The non-acceptance-of the change by a significant【C18】______of the public brought【C19】______a quick restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer【C20】______.

【C1】

A．effective

B．adequate

C．competent

D．efficient

ween marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesman ship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.

Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eyeontheconsumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

This concept does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善的) or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction—the firm and the customer—and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The nonacceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!

The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, ______.

A．the practice of turning goods into money

B．making goods available for purchase

C．the customercentred approach

D．a form. of persuasive salesmanship

ween marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the effective【M1】______ production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the need of the seller to produce goods and then convert【M2】______ them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It firstly begins at analyzing the preferences and【M3】______ demands of consumers and then producing goods mat will satisfy them. This eye - on - the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find what the consumer wants to【M4】______ buy and then go around making it available for purchase.【M5】______ This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction should be given priority by profit. There are【M6】______ always two sides to every business transaction—the firm and the customer—and each must be satisfied after trade occurs. Successful【M7】______ merchants and producers recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering consumers. A striking【M8】______ example of the importance of understanding the consumer was【M9】______ presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The nonacceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketing alongside the new.【M10】______

【M1】

ween marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily 【C1】______ the efficient production of goods, and then relied on " 【C2】______ salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such 【C3】______ and selling focus on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then 【C4】______ them into money.

Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the 【C5】______ and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which 【C6】______ means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction—the firm and the customer—and each 【C7】______ satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A 【C8】______ example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the 【C9】______ of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public 【C10】______ a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!

【C1】______

A．on

B．with

C．to

D．towards

ween marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on" persuasive salesmanships" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such produce goods and then convert them into money.

Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer want to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction--the firm and the consumer--and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producer, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to consumers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when coca cola changed the flavor of the drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the pubic brought about a prompt restoration of the classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new King Customer ruled!

In the past, most industries ______.

A．analyzed consumers' preferences before producing goods

B．focused on the wants of consumers

C．didn't understand the difference between marketing and selling

D．didn't want to convert their goods into money

tween marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs. of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.

Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers'. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that w/Il satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are al ways two sides to every business transaction-the firm and the customer

and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of tile importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. Tile non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!

The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence,______.

A．the practice of turning goods into money

B．making goods available for purchase

C．the customer-centered approach

D．a form. of persuasive salesmanship

eople never seem to become much better off! Prices are rising continuously. This condition is known as one of inflation; the money supply is becoming inflated so that each unit of it becomes less valuable. People have grown accustomed in recent years to higher and higher rates of inflation. What could be bought ten years age for one dollar now costs well over two dollars. Present indications are that this rate of inflation is tending to rise rather than to fall. If in the real world our money incomes go up at the same rate as prices, one might think that inflation does not matter. But it does. When money is losing value, it lacks one of the qualities of a good money—stability of value. It is no longer acceptable as a store of value; and it becomes an unsuitable standard of deferred(延期的) payments. Nobody wants to hold a wasting asset(财富), so people try to get rid of money as quickly as possible. Inflation therefore stimulates consumer spending, and prevents people from saving.

Inflation is a situation in which ______.

A．we find our money more valuable than before

B．people can easily find better paying jobs

C．employment no longer becomes a problem

D．money keeps losing its value