Directions Facial expressions carry meanings that are partly determined by culture. For ex

A．no causal

B．causal with the former deciding the latter

C．causal with the latter deciding the former

D．causal of two directions

Directions Facial expressions carry meanings that are partly determined by culture. For example, many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do, so teachers in the United States sometimes have trouble knowing whether their Japanese students understand and enjoy their lessons.

Another example is the smile. As a common facial expression, it may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise(掩饰) true feelings. But in different cultures. smiles have different meanings. Many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even a suspicious behavior.Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places, for American culture a smile is typically an expression of pleasure.

Therefore some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don&39; t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment. Vietnamese people may tell the sad story of how they had to leave their country but end the story with a smile.

61. The best title for this passage is_________

A.Russian Culture

B.American Culture

C.Facial Functions

D.Facial Expressions and Culture

American teachers sometimes have trouble understanding Japandse students in class because Japanese students_________A.do not show their emotions as freely as American stydents do

B.are similar to American students in showing emotions

C.only express their emotions when permitted

D.do not know what to say

Vietnamese people may end the sad story with a smile to_________A.show affection

B.disguise emotional pain

C.covey politeness

D.show happiness

A smile is typically an expression of _________ in American cultureA.embarrassment

B.politeness

C.sadness

D.pleasure

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？A.Russians think smiling at strangers is a proper behavior

B.Russians usually smile as frequently as Americans do

C.Many Americans smile freely at strangers in public

D.Russians and Americans have the same opinion of smiles

True Or False (2’×5=10’) Directions:Read the following 6 short passages, and do the True (T) and False (F) based on each passage. 1. Bodily contact is of interest since it is the most primitive kind of social act, and is found in all animals. In addition to aggressive and sexual contacts there are various methods of influence, as when others are pushed, pulled or led. There are symbolic contacts, such as patting on the back, and-the various ways of shaking hands. 2. Bodily posture is another signal which is largely involuntary, but which can communicate important social signals. There are distinctive “superior” (or dominant) and “inferior” (or sub. missive) postures. 3. Gestures are movements of hands, feet or other parts of the body. Some are intended to communicate definite messages; others are involuntary social cues which may or may not be correctly interpreted by others. 4. Head-nods are a rather special kind of gesture, and have two distinctive roles. They act as reinforcers, i.e. they reward and encourage what has gone before, and can be used to make another talk more, for example. 5. Facial expression can be reduced to changes in eyes, brows, mouth, and so on. The face is an area which is used by animals to communicate emotions and attitudes to others; for humans it does not work so well since we control our facial expression, and may smile sweetly while seething within. 1. ____ Symbolic contacts include patting on the back and shaking hands.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For instance, in American culture, the smile is typically an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other functions. A smile may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise true feelings. It is also a source of confusion across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even suspicious behavior. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places. Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong place; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment.

Our faces reveal emotions and attitudes, but we should not attempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The degree of facial expressiveness one exhibits varies among individuals and cultures. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural restraints on the amount of non-verbal expressiveness permitted.

If we judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different according to our own cultural norms, we may make the mistake of "reading" the other person incorrectly.

30. Which of the following descriptions about facial expressions is FALSE according to the passage？

(27)

A．The meaning of facial expressions depends on situations.

B．Facial expressions can cause misunderstanding across culture.

C．People from one culture may lack facial expressions because they experience less emotion.

D．Facial expressions may disguise true feelings.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For instance, in American culture, the smile is typically an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other functions. A smile may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise true feelings. It is also a source of confusion across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even suspicious behavior. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places. Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong place; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment.

Our faces reveal emotions and attitudes, but we should not attempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The degree of facial expressiveness one exhibits varies among individuals and cultures. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural restraints on the amount of non-verbal expressiveness permitted.

If we judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different according to our own cultural norms, we may make the mistake of "reading" the other person incorrectly.

(27)

A．The meaning of facial expressions depends on situations.

B．Facial expressions can cause misunderstanding across culture.

C．People from one culture may lack facial expressions because they experience less emotion.

D．Facial expressions may disguise true feelings.

SECTION B PASSAGES

Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： When we think of communication, we normally think of using words talking face-to-face, writing messages and so on. But in fact we communicate far more in other ways. Our eyes and facial expressions usually tell the truth even when our words do not.

Then there are gestures, often unconscious: raising the eyebrows, rubbing the nose, shrugging the shoulders, tapping the fingers, nodding and shaking the head. There is also the even more subtle "body language" of posture: are you sitting or standing with arms or legs crossed.'？ Is that person standing with hands in pockets, held in front of the body or hidden behind？ Even the way we dress and the colors we wear communicate things to others.

So. do animals communicate？ Not in words, although a parrot might be trained to repeat words and phrases which it doesn't understand. But as we have learnt, there is more to communicate than words. Take dogs for example. They bare their teeth to warn, wag their tails to welcome and stand firm, with hair erect, to challenge. These signals are surely the canine equivalent of the human body language of facial expression, gesture and posture.

What are the ways animals communicate？

A．Words.

B．Gesture and posture.

C．Facial expressions.

D．Special signals.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For instance, in American culture the smile is typically an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other functions. A smile may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise true feelings. It is also a source of confusion across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers m public to be unusual and even suspicious behavior. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places. Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong place; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment.

Our faces reveal emotions and attitudes, but we should not at tempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The degree of facial expressiveness one exhibits varies among individuals and cultures. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another. does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural restraints on the amount of nonverbal expressiveness permitted.

If we judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different according to our own cultural norms, we may make the mistake of "reading" the other person incorrectly.

(27)

A．The meaning of facial expressions depends on situations.

B．Facial expressions can cause misunderstanding across culture.

C．People from one culture may tack facial expressions because they experience less emotions.

D．Facial expressions may disguise true feelings.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For instance, in American culture, the smile is typically an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other functions. A smile may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise true feelings. It is also a source of confusion across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even suspicious behavior. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places. Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong place; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment.

Our faces reveal emotions and attitudes, but we should not attempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The degree of facial expressiveness one exhibits varies among individuals and cultures. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural restraints on the amount of non-verbal expressiveness permitted.

If we judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different according to our own cultural norms, we may make the mistake of "reading" the other person incorrectly.

(27)

A．The meaning of facial expressions depends on situations.

B．Facial expressions can cause misunderstanding across culture.

C．People from one culture may lack facial expressions because they experience less emotion.

D．Facial expressions may disguise true feelings.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For instance, in American culture the smile is typically an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other functions. A smile may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise true feelings. It is also a source of confusion across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even suspicious behaviour. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places. Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong place; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment.

Our faces reveal emotions and attitudes, but we should not attempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The degree of facial expressiveness one exhibits varies among individuals and cultures. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural restraints on the amount of nonverbal expressiveness permitted.

If we judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different according to our own cultural norms, we may make the mistake of "reading" the other person incorrectly.

(27)

A．The meaning of facial expressions depends on situations.

B．Facial expressions can cause misunderstanding across culture.

C．People from one culture may lack facial expressions because they experience less emotions.

D．Facial expressions may disguise true feelings.