What kind of animal is the coyote described as？

e ______ .

rice and this is our first meeting in a series of presentations called "Countdown to Departure". I know that you have just arrived here for your year-long course prior to going abroad, but it is certainly worth taking the time to consider ... to think about events that will take place a year, or almost a year, from now. I have handed out this useful guide to planning your time abroad. Please follow the suggested timetable closely. It is vital that you get each thing done on time. If you can get things done earlier than we suggest in the guide, that's great, but certainly don't leave them later than we recommend. If you do not get these things done on time, it could jeopardise your study abroad or at least delay it by a year.

Now, we are currently one year from departure, so you should start applying for post-graduate programmes and scholarships immediately--if you haven't already. Consult your tutors for further advice on these points. You should also calculate a rough estimate of your study and living expenses and consider how to pay for them. We'll be looking at that in more detail during the next meeting. You should start arranging accommodation abroad as soon as you have accepted a place on a course. Arranging accommodation can be a rather bureaucratic procedure and can take a while. At the same time, ask the university about your options for paying your fees.

The next point on your timetable is six months before you leave. At that point; you need to check your passport and, if you are going to need a new one, deal with that immediately. Remember that your passport might need to be valid for the whole of the period you intend to be abroad, but that you can often renew your passport at your embassy in the country where you are studying. In any ease, your passport needs to be valid for at least six months after you enter the country where you intend to study. It might seem unnecessary to get your passport in order so early before you go, but remember that you have to get your visa as well. You should do that around six months before leaving too. Bear in mind one final, simple, point. Make sure that your passport has a few empty pages left for visas and stamps.

Two or three months before departure, you should ask your bank about the options for transferring money to the country you'll be studying in and setting up a bank account there. You should also start looking at booking your flight to the country you'll be studying in, in order to get the best rates. The cost of flights varies considerably from carrier to carrier, and even between different travel agencies, and depend a lot upon the time of year you are flying. Booking in advance can save you a considerable sum of money. When you book your flight, you should check with the airline or travel agent to find out what your baggage allowance is. At the same time look into booking your other travel within the country you're going to from the airport where you will arrive. Don't forget to buy travel insurance when you book any flights. Finally, still two or three months before departure, make sure that you have an unconditional letter of acceptance from the university you're going to attend. This is vital as it facilitates entry clearance if into the country.

Next, about one month before leaving, find out whether you will be entitled to receive free health treatment in the country you are going to and find out how much you will have to pay if not. Look into arranging health insurance if necessary. Also buy currency and travellers' cheques to cover your first few weeks in the country. Watch the exchange rates and pick a good time, but do not leave it too late. If you are buying travellers' cheques or a large amount of money or currency, your bank may need a while to arrange this. Another thing to do is to find out what you can take int

Questions 29-30

Circle TWO letters A-F.

Which TWO actions are mentioned to help bears survive?

[A]breeding bears in captivity

[B]encouraging a more humane attitude

[C]keeping bears in national parks

[D]enforcing international laws

[E]buying the speaker's book

[F]writing to the United Nations

【29】

听力原文： Welcome to this lecture on Agriculture and the Environment. I hope it is enough to make some of you decide on a career in the field of agricultural science. As you all know, food is a basic human need and producing enough of it is the single greatest challenge facing the modern world.

Developing nations have rapidly expanding populations so agriculture should be central to any development agenda for those countries. What's more, 75% of people in the developing world are dependant, directly or indirectly, on agriculture for their livelihood. And, for many low-income countries, it's the most important sector of the economy accounting for 50% of GDP and sometimes it's the primary, if not only, source of foreign currency. Now, of course, when I talk about ' agriculture', I am using the term to encompass more than just growing food crops. Of course livestock farming, fishing and forestry are included. In order to combat wide-scale food shortages agricultural research programmers are underway in many areas. Using science is one way to increase productivity; but, a word of warning: agriculture must also be sustainable. Let's look at approaches that are not sustainable. Firstly, overgrazing and intensive cropping are two ancient but destructive practices that lead to loss of soil fertility. Secondly, the modem idea of liberal application of chemical pesticides and herbicides has had disastrous consequences for the health of the land, ranging from the pollution of water sources to the destruction of wildlife. These practices have ignored the mechanisms that sustain ecological communities. Ignorance has led to the destruction of the very biodiversity that is essential for sustainable food production. However, introducing new agricultural techniques, especially things like genetic engineering, can be difficult because many people remain suspicious of the fact that plants have had their genetic material modified by scientists.

Biotechnology has also led to the dubious practice of bio-prospecting, or as some prefer to call it, bio-piracy. Foreign multinational companies have been accused of illegally obtaining samples of indigenous plants of other countries in order to get their hands on genetic material to improve the quality or yield of their own crops.

We must put aside the controversy surrounding the field of agricultural biotechnology in order to concentrate on the biggest threat to food production on this planet...which is...? Yes, climate change. The effects of global warming so far have been to shrink the food supply thereby pushing up prices and making, even the most basic necessities, unaffordable.

As I see it, the international community must address this, and other challenges to agricultural production, with urgency. Concrete scientific and technological achievements need to be presented for farmers to evaluate and learn to use but, apart from that, governments need to address the complex issues of policy development if the world's hungry are to be fed.

Environmental policies need to be put in place to protect ecosystems and correct soil degradation where possible. Countries cannot continue to exploit na~Lral resources whilst ignoring the consequences. In fact, I'd like to see teams of agriculture and environment experts making up a global network which would monitor the world's farming systems. Different farming systems should be studied not only with a view to analyzing the environmental effects, but the social and economic effects as well. The studies would be carried out with a view to stemming pollution and erosion and promoting safe, cost-effective practices that will guarantee a secure food supply in the future.

Monitoring sites would need to be set up all across the world and data collected in a systematic way. Of course, building the online infrastructure for such a project would cost millions of dollars and there would be ongoing costs involved with the monitoring system but the information gathered would go a long way towards solving the problem of feeding the masses and ensuring millions of people don't face a hungry future.

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Agriculture and Environment

(31) production = biggest problem in today's world

Agriculture is important for jobs, exports and foreign exchange

'Agriculture' means:

growing crops

raising animals

(32)

(33)

Agriculture must be sustainable: old methods, & new, chemical methods are all unsustainable→ (34) of biodiversity

Biotechnology→GM or GE→ bio-prospecting (bio-piracy) i.e. large companies steal samples of native plants to use the (35) for their own crop improvement

(36) is responsible for less food and higher prices

Farmers need to be educated but governments also need to pay attention to (37) in order to protect the environment and re-nourish the soil

Experts from around the world could come together to form. a (38) to observe farm systems aiming to prevent pollution and erosion and encourage safe procedures that are also (39)

Creating the project's (40) would be very expensive and more money would be needed for the monitoring system but it could solve the problem of food shortages

(31)