______ drug testing is part of the entrance requirement for millions of job applicants nat

Blood testing is another widely accepted method of drug testing.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

A.adapted

B.admitted

C.advocated

D.adopted

Random drug testing ______.

A．is practiced all over the Britain

B．involves taking the student's blood to test drug use

C．aims at driving drag-taking students out of the school

D．is arranged with the help of computer

In the eyes of the author, the solution taken by the parents ______.

A．is not so fruitful

B．seems effective

C．needs testing

D．is directed by government drug abuse agencies

According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE？

A．When athletes take steroid creams, they would be definitely tested.

B．The testing system is not exact enough because the athletes are informed testing schedules beforehand.

C．More than half of the Olympic—caliber U.S. athletes have taken the dreadful drugs to win the game

D．Erythropoietin is a kind of drug that can enhance an athlete's performance in 20 minutes.

nstrate its determination to crack down on the cheaters. The sports commissioner said the aim was to restore baseball fans' confidence in the game, but the new penalties for players who test positive for drugs fall far short of those in other sports. A first time offence brings a ban of just ten days; only with a fifth positive test is that extended to twelve months.

It is all in sharp contrast to many Olympic sports where any positive drug test triggers a two-year ban. The head of the baseball players' union, Don Fehr, said the new regime of drug testing and penalties would work. He stressed that the aim was to end steroid abuse rather than to punish players.

If a baseball player is on his first positive test, what will happen to him？

A．It will lead him to a ten days ban.

B．It will lead him to a one month ban.

C．It will lead him to a twelve months ban.

D．It will lead him to a two-year-ban.

conclusion？

A．Fifteen of the 39 dead rats were later found to have died of a rare form. of liver cancer that is generally seen in only 1 out of 600,000 lab rats.

B．The director of the experiment, although a respected scientist, is not a medical doctor, and therefore will not be able to continue as director of the experiment once it switches from animal to human trials.

C．Although the painkiller in question has been shown to block certain forms of pain, its duration of efficacy is less than that of other painkillers currently on the market.

D．Human trials of another drug produced by this pharmaceutical company were called off after 30 out of 1,000 rats died of heart failure during the animal testing phase of the experiment.

E．The pharmaceutical company is eager to introduce new drugs to the market because its best-selling product, a drug that reduces blood pressure, will soon lose its patent protection.

For several years,scientists have been testing a substance called interferon(干扰素),a potential wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments,including virus infections,bacteria infections,and tumors. To date,the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to discourage its use. But in spite of its success,last year only one gram Was produced in the entire world. The reason for the scarcity lies in the structure of interferon. A species of specific protein,the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in treating another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings,only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately.it is so powerful that the amount given each patient per injection is very small. Unlike antibiotics, interferon does not attack germs directly. Instead.it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection,and prevents the multiplication of viruses within cells. As you might conclude,one of the most dramatic uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander,research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute,has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. Among a group of selected patients who has undergone surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given interferon. The survival rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as compared with only 10 to 30 percent among those who have received the conventional treatments. In the United States,a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now underway. If the experiment is successful,interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time.

In what does interferon differ from antibiotics？

A．Interferon has serious side effects,whereas antibiotics do not.

B．Interferon is available in large supply, whereas antibiotics are not.

C．Antibiotics are very effective,while interferon is not.

D．Antibiotics kill germs by attacking them directly, while interferon does not.

Drug Abuse

1 The term "drug abuse" most often refers to the use of a drug with such frequency that it causes physical or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning. Although the term seems to imply that users abuse the drugs they take, in fact, it is themselves or others they abuse by using drugs.

2 Pharmacologists, who study the effects of drugs, classify psychoactive drugs according to what they do to those who take them. Drugs that speed up signals passing through the nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and produce alertness and arousal and, in higher doses, excitability, and inhibit fatigue and sleep, are called stimulants. Drugs that retard, slow down, or depress signals passing through the central nervous system and produce relaxation, a lowering of anxiety, and, at higher doses, drowsiness and sleep, are called depressants. One distinct kind of depressants are those which dull the mind's perception of pain and in medicine are used as painkillers, or analgesics. These drugs called narcotics.

3 It is not always easy to determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuse. Thus it is far easier to study who uses illegal psychoactive drugs than it is to study who abuses them. When re searchers describe patterns of drug abuse, then, they usually describe the more general phenomenon of drug use, whether it leads to abuse or not.

4 Drinking on the job is a social and economic problem with a long history. With the growing popularity of illegal drugs in the 1960s and 1970s, it was to be expected that their use in the workplace would emerge as a major issue by the 1980s. Estimates of employee drug use vary greatly, ranging from 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job. The safe performance of some occupations among them is done by airline pilots in air traffic.

5 From the 1920s until the 1960s, treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent. During this period many officials did not believe that treatment was effective or necessary. Drug abusers and sellers were simply arrested and imprisoned, thereby discouraging use. The dramatic explosion in the use and abuse of a wide range of different drugs during the 1960s demonstrated the weakness of this theory. As a result, two treatment programs were developed during the 1960s.

A. Patterns of drug abuse

B. Treatment

C. Drug testing in the workplace

D. Classification of psychoactive drugs

E. Definition of drug abuse

Paragraph 1 ______.