Learning does not happen passively. It is an activity that a person does. It is a taskcan

Learning does not happen passively. It is an activity that a person does. It is a task

can be attempted in various ways, some of which are 【S1】 ______

more appropriate then others. When the material to be learned is of a brief and simple 【S2】______

kind which is familiar with the person and of intense interest to him, effective learning【S3】______

usually proceeds automatically. In the first place, the person at once relates the

material to another material which is already securely learned. Subsequently, the 【S4】 ______

relevance of the newly learned material to his interests ensures it's being recalled on 【S5】 ______

many occasions; and this repetition minimizes the likelihood of forgetting.

Furthermore, the subsequent use of the new material is like to take place in a 【S6】 ______

variety of contexts and, so, the material becomes relating to a wider range of other 【S7】______

material

Because of all this, the material is rapidly learned, long retained, and recalled

with increasingly readiness in an increasingly variety of contexts. Without really trying【S8】______

the person has fulfilled few important conditions of effective learning, conditions 【S9】______

expressed by William James as follow. 【S10】______

"Briefly, then, of two men with the same outward experiences and the same

amount of mere native tenacity (强记忆力), the one Who thinks over his experiences

most, and weaves them into systematic relations with each other, will be the one with

the best memory."

【S1】