Imports remained fairly steady for the first two years before dropping dramatically in the

The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are China’s fundamental economic problems. The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of China’s modern history is (46) , which has been growing steadily.

Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of the population.

Agriculture also (47) because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force. The failure of agriculture to supply raw materials and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950’s. After 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan “Agriculture is the foundation of the economy” has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since.

(48) , there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade. Many of China’s exports are (49) or consumer goods based on them. Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports. It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore (50) .

A. determines the progress of industry

B. the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population

C. either agricultural raw materials

D. enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industry

E. In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry

F. thus promoting both import and export

(46)

The Importance of Agriculture

The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are China’s fundamental economic problems. The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of China’s modern history is (46) , which has been growing steadily.

Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of the population.

Agriculture also (47) because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force. The failure of agriculture to supply raw materials and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950’s. After 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan “Agriculture is the foundation of the economy” has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since.

(48) , there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade. Many of China’s exports are (49) or consumer goods based on them. Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports. It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore (50) .

A. determines the progress of industry

B. the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population

C. either agricultural raw materials

D. enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industry

E. In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry

F. thus promoting both import and export

(46)

The Importance of Agriculture in China

The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are China' s fundamental economic problems. The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of China's modern history is_______ (1), which has been, growing steadily.

Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of the population.

Agriculture also_______(2) because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force. The failure of agriculture to supply raw materials and food, halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950s. After 1960s new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan "Agriculture is the foundation of the economy" has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since.

_______ (3) , there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade. Many of China's exports are_______ (4) or consumer goods based on them. Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports. It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore_______ (5) .

A．determines the progress of industry

B．the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population.

C．either agricultural raw materials

D．enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industry

E．In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry

F．thus promoting both import and export

第 46 题

请选择（1）处的最佳答案．

Part B

Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.

The Revolutionary War, which began officially on April 19, 1775, dragged on for more than six bitter years. It was conflict fought by the colonials for the righteous cause of securing freedom from intolerable British intervention in America affairs.

41)_______________. When legal restrictions were implemented by both the British and the colonists in 1775, nearly all American overseas commerce abruptly ceased. By mid-1775, the colonies faced acute shortages in such military essentials as powder, flints, muskets, and knives. Even salt, shoes, woolens and linens were in short supply. Late in 1775, Congress authorized limited trade with the West Indies, mainly to procure arms and ammunitions, and trade with other non -British areas was on an unrestricted basis by the spring of 1776.

42)_______________. Yet the colonies engaged in international trade despite the blockade. Formal treaties of commerce with France in 1778 and with Holland and Spain shortly thereafter stimulated the flows of overseas trade. Between 1778 and early 1782, American war time commerce was at its zenith. During those years, France, Holland, Spain, and their possessions all actively traded with the colonies. Even so, the flow of goods in and out of the colonies remained well below prewar levels. Smuggling, privateering, and legal trade with overseas partners only partially offset the drastic trade reductions with Britain. Even the coastal trades were curtailed by a lack of vessels, by blockades, and by wartime freight rates. British-occupied ports, such as New York, generated some import activity but little or nothing in the way of exports.

43)_______________. In Philadelphia, for instance, nearly 4,000 women were employed to spin materials in their homes for the newly established textile plants. A sharp increase also occurred in the number of artisan workshops with a similar stimulus in the production of beer, whiskey, and other domestic alcoholic beverages. 44)_______________. Only the least commercialized rural areas remained little affected by the serpentine path of war and the sporadic flows of wartime commerce.

Overall, the war imposed a distinct economic hardship on the new nation. Most goods rose in cost and were more difficult to obtain. High prices and severe commercial difficulties encouraged some investors to turn from commerce to manufacturing. Then, once the trade lanes reopened with the. coming of peace, even those who profited from the war were stung by

the tide of imports that swept it to American ports and sharply lowered prices. 45) _______________.

[A] The rechanneling of American resources into import competing industries was especially strong along the coast and in the major port cities.

[B] As exports and imports fell, import substitution abounded, and tile colonial economy became considerably more self-sufficient.

[C] Although many Americans escaped the direct ordeals of war, few Americans were untouched by it—at least indirectly.

[D] Nevertheless, the British maintained a fairly effective naval blockade of American ports, especially during the first two years of the war.

[E] Internally, the. most pressing problems were financial.

[F] More important was the fact that Congress had no independent income and had to rely for funds on catch as catch can contributions from the states, made roughly in proportion to their individual populations.

[G] Maritime commerce was always an important factor in the war effort, and trade linkages were vital to the supply of arms and ammunitions.

41._______________

England fishing industry was temporarily destroyed, and the tobacco colonies in the South were also hard hit. The trade in imports was severely affected, since the war was fought against the country that had previously monopolized the colonies’ supply of manufactured goods. The most serious consequences were felt in the cities, whose existence depended on commercial activity. Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston were all occupied for a time by British troops. Even when the troops had left, British ships lurked in the harbors and continued to disrupt trade. American income from shipbuilding and commerce declined abruptly, undermining the entire economy of the urban areas. The decline in trade brought a fall in the American standard of living. Unemployed shipwrights, dock laborers, and coopers drifted off to find work on farms and in small villages. Some of them joined the Continental army, or if they were loyal to Britain, they departed with the British forces. The population of the New York City declined from 21,000 in 1774 to less than half that number only nine years later in 1783. The disruptions produced by the fighting of the war, by the loss of established markets for manufactured goods, by the loss of sources of credit, and by the lack of new investment all created a period of economic stagnation that lasted for the next twenty years. Why does the author mention the fishing industry and the tobacoo colonies？A.to show how the war for independence affected the economy

B.to compare the economic power of two different regions

C.to identify the two largest commercial enterprises in America

D.to give examples of industries controlled by British forces

Why does the author mention the population of New York City in paragraph 2？A.to show that half of New York remained loyal to Britain

B.to compare New York with other cities occupied during the war

C.to emphasize the great short-term cost of the war for New York

D.to illustrate the percentage of homeless people in New York

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

England fishing industry was temporarily destroyed, and the tobacco colonies in the South were also hard hit. The trade in imports was severely affected, since the war was fought against the country that had previously monopolized the colonies’ supply of manufactured goods. The most serious consequences were felt in the cities, whose existence depended on commercial activity. Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston were all occupied for a time by British troops. Even when the troops had left, British ships lurked in the harbors and continued to disrupt trade. American income from shipbuilding and commerce declined abruptly, undermining the entire economy of the urban areas. The decline in trade brought a fall in the American standard of living. Unemployed shipwrights, dock laborers, and coopers drifted off to find work on farms and in small villages. Some of them joined the Continental army, or if they were loyal to Britain, they departed with the British forces. The population of the New York City declined from 21,000 in 1774 to less than half that number only nine years later in 1783. The disruptions produced by the fighting of the war, by the loss of established markets for manufactured goods, by the loss of sources of credit, and by the lack of new investment all created a period of economic stagnation that lasted for the next twenty years.

Why does the author mention the fishing industry and the tobacoo colonies？

A.to show how the war for independence affected the economy

B.to compare the economic power of two different regions

C.to identify the two largest commercial enterprises in America

D.to give examples of industries controlled by British forces

Why does the author mention the population of New York City in paragraph 2？A.to show that half of New York remained loyal to Britain

B.to compare New York with other cities occupied during the war

C.to emphasize the great short-term cost of the war for New York

D.to illustrate the percentage of homeless people in New York

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

根据下列文章,请回答 26～30 题。

Text 2

In the 18th century, New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston. Today it is the largest city in America. How to explain the change in its size and importance？

To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography, history and economies. Together these three will explain the huge growth of America's most famous city.

The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily-populated areas in this region are around seaports. At these points materials from across the sea enter America, and the products of the land are sent there for export across the sea.

Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into completed goods.

That is why seaports often have cities nearby. But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers. Their development did not happen simply by chance.

About 1815, when many Americans from the east coast had already moved to the west, trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time, drawn by horses or oxen, were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe's canals. In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem. From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long trip of low land. Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After working for several years it was completed in 1825.

The canal produced an immediate effect. Freight costs were cut to about one-tenth of what they had been. New York City, which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston, quickly became the leading city of the coast. In later years, transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River. Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that extended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the western branches of the Mississippi.

The new railroads made canal shipping not as important as before, but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country. It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.

Exports from New York were greater than imports Consequently, shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with .passengers on the return trip from Europe. Passengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result.

Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of them remained in the city. Others stayed in New York for a few weeks, months, or years, and then moved to other parts of the United States. For these great numbers of new Americans, New York had to provide homes, goods, and services. Their labor helped the city become great.

第 26 题 Which of the following can be the best tide for the passage？

A．The Development of Transportation in New York.

B．Exports and Imports of New York.

C．How New York Became America's Largest City？

D．How New York Exchanged with Europe？