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Passage two
Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gels answers. In the light of these he puts further questions, and so on. For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become aware of it. This is usually when we arc running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level.
Different people converse with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is written in the text. The latter represents higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.
There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process”conversation as opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation. It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.
According to the author, when will our reading become conscious？
A.When the readers expectations match with what is said in the text.
B.When the reader has trouble understanding what the author says.
C.When the reader asks tough questions and gets proper answers.
D.When the reader understands a text with no difficulties.
At a lower level of comprehension, readers tend to_____.A.read a text slowly and carefully
B.read without thinking hard
C.interpret a text in their own way
D.focus on the meaning of words only
A “process” conversation has to do with____ .A.the application of reading strategies
B.matching our expectations with the meaning of a text
C.the development of our ability to check the details
D.determining the main idea of a text
According to the passage, it is of great importance for readers at a higher level to maintain a balance between_____.A.conscious and unconscious levels of comprehension
B.the reader's expectations and the meaning of a text
C.lower and higher levels of comprehension
D.interpreting and criticizing a text
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
更多“Passage twoReading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text”相关的问题
第1题
Passage one
The factors that add up to a happy life for most people are not what we typically hear about. Things like earning a master’s degree don’t make people happy over an extended period of time. Rather, the key to happiness, and the difference between happy and unhappy Americans, is a life that reflects values and practices like, hard work, marriage, charity, and freedom.
Work
When more than 1,000 people across the country were asked in 2002, "If you were to get enough money to live comfortably for the rest of your life, would you stop working?" fewer than a third of the Americans answered yes. Contrary to widely held opinion, most Americans like or even love their work. In 2002 an amazing 89 percent of workers said they were very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with their jobs. This isn&39;t true just for those with high-paying, highly skilled jobs but for all workers across the country. And the percentage is almost exactly the same among those with and without college degrees and among those working for private companies, nonprofit organizations, and the government. For most Americans, job satisfaction is nearly equivalent to life satisfaction. Among those people who say they are very happy in their lives, 95 percent are also satisfied with their jobs. Furthermore, job satisfaction would seem to be causing overall happiness, not the other way around.
Marriage & Family
In 2004, 42 percent of married Americans said they were very happy. Just 23 percent of never-married people said this. Overall, married people were six times more likely lo say that they were very happy than to report that they were not too happy. And generally speaking, married women say they&39;re happy more often than married men.
Marriage isn’t just associated with happiness --it brings happiness, at least for a lot of us. One 2003 study that followed 24,000 people for more than a decade documented a significant increase in happiness after people married. For some, the happiness increase wore off in a few years, and they ended up back at their premarriage happiness levels. But for others, it lasted as long as a lifetime. What about having kids? While children, on their own, don&39;t appear to raise the happiness level (they actually tend to slightly lower the happiness of a marriage), studies suggest that children arc almost always part of an overall lifestyle. of happiness, which is likely to include such things as marriage and religion. Charity We&39;ve all heard that money doesn&39;t buy happiness, and that’s certainly true. But there is one way to get it: Give money away.
The evidence is clear that gifts to charitable organizations and other worthy causes bring substantial life satisfaction to the givers. If you want $50 in authentic happiness today Just donate it to a favorite charity. People who give money to charity are 43 percent more likely than nongivers to say they&39;re very happy. Volunteers are 42 percent more likely to be very happy than nonvolunteers. It doesn’t matter whether the gifts of money go to churches or concerts; religious giving and unreligious giving leave people equally happy, and far happier than people who don&39;t give. Even donating blood, an especially personal kind of giving, improves our attitude. Fundamentally, the more people give, the happier they get.
Freedom
In fact, freedom and happiness are intimately related: People who consider themselves free are a lot happier than those who don&39;t. In 2000 the General Social Survey revealed that people who personally feel "completely free" or "very free” were twice as likely as those who don&39;t to say they’re very happy about their lives. Not all types of freedom are the same in terms of happiness, however. Researchers have shown that economic freedom brings happiness, as does political and religious freedom. On the other hand, moral freedom ----a lack of constraints on behavior. ----does not. People who feel they have unlimited moral choices in their lives when it comes to matters of sex or drugs, for example, tend to be unhappier than those who do not feel they have so many choices in life.
Lessons for America
The data tell us that what matters most for happiness is not having a lot of things but having healthy values. Without these values，our jobs and our economy will bring us joyless riches. The facts can help remind us of what we should be paying attention to, as individuals and as families, if we want to be happy. Our happiness is simply too important to us -- and to America -- to do anything less.
What will probably bring about overall happiness?
A.To be satisfied with one’s job.
B.To earn a lot of money.
C.To work for big companies.
D.To gain a college degree.
Generally, men in marriage _____ than women in marriage.A.are probably under greater pressure
B.are more inclined to feel they are happy
C.are less likely to state they arc happy
D.are contributing more to the family
According to the author, in what way can money bring happiness?A.Buy anything you want.
B.Give your money away.
C.Pay to listen to a concert.
D.Own a large amount of it.
What rarely brings in happiness?A.Religious freedom.
B.Economic freedom.
C.Political freedom.
D.Moral freedom.
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
第2题
I think it was high time they____ to take you more seriously.
A.began
B.should begin
C.begin
D.begun
第3题
He was caught ____in the examination.
A.deceiving
B.cheating
C.tricking
D.joking
第4题
He is totally _____ to other people’s attitudes.
A.unconcerned
B.careless
C.indifferent
D.bold
第5题
Please_____your overcoat from the scat so that I can sit down.
A.move
B.shift
C.transfer
D.remove
第6题
At the time of economic crisis, he could only earn a_____of $ 2,000 per month.
A.wage
B.pay
C.salary
D.fee
第7题
_____the English examination I would have gone to the concert last night.
A.In spite of
B.But for
C.Because of
D.As for
第8题
Only years later____the truth about the matter.
A.I learned
B.did l learn
C.I did learn
D.had I learned
第9题
He likes novels, ____I like poetry.
A.while
B.because
C.although
D.so
第10题
She said that she would be here at seven o’clock. But she didn’t ____ until eight.
A.turn on
B.turn up
C.turn out
D.turn down
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