Although sales in 1999 reached a peak, this wan the worst period for sales in 199

A.sales is

B.sale are

C.sale is

D.sales are

A.until

B.unless

C.since

D.although

ck again at the end of the period.

？Read the advice about cooperation.

？Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.

？For each question 19—33 mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

？One answer has been given as an example at the beginning.

CATSA

Gia Andina de Triconos (CATSA), a Bolivian joint venture of the U. S. Dresser Industries and local investors, which had based its investment (19) an allocation under the metalworking program, closed its doors after (20) to penetrate the Andean market after more than two years in operation.

The prospect of (21) access to the Andean market, plus protection provided by a 55 percent "ad valorem" common outer tariff on bits sourced from outside the bloc, made the sales outlook seem (22) . However, CATSA's "monopoly" position in Ancom proved specious. (23) the plant went on stream in 1974, the company was never able to export a single drill bit to the Andean market, and its local sales were (24) a state-owned petroleum company. This market was clearly (25) , since the operation had been based on exporting the bulk of the plant's 200-unit-per-month capacity to the Andean area.

CATSA could not penetrate the Ancom market for several reasons:

Although Ancom (26) a 55 percent common outer tariff on third-country imports, some Ancom countries had previously (27) LAFTA (Latin American Free Trade Association) tariff concessions, which take precedence over the Ancom tariffs.

Ancom members simply did not (28) the spirit of the metalworking agreement. After the installation of the CATSA facility, plants producing tricorne bits (29) in Peru and Venezuela. Under the metalworking program, participating (30) were committed to prohibiting new foreign investment in allocations of other Ancom countries. But on the question of new investment by local industry, the obligation was only not to encourage it, with no requirement to prevent it. (31) Venezuela, it has no commitment to limit local production or to honour the outer tariff, because it was not yet a member of Ancom when the metalworking agreement was signed and was thus not a (32) to the pact. Also, according to Bolivia, Colombia and Ecuador employed (33) obstacles to avoid applying the common outer tariff.

(19)

A．in

B．to

C．under

D．on

unt in October. Although the fall was not enough to prompt Toyota to downgrade its profit forecast, the company did reduce its consolidated sales volume estimate by 50,0000 vehicles, to 8.75m.

increase in profit levels.

Read the advice about cooperation.

Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.

For each question 19—33 mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

One answer has been given as an example at the beginning.

CATSA

Gia Andina de Triconos(CATSA) , a Bolivian joint venture of the U. S. Dresser Industries and local investors, which had based its investment(19)…an allocation under the metalworking program, closed its doors after(20)…to penetrate the Andean market after more than two years in operation.

The prospect of(21)…access to the Andean market, plus protection provided by a 55 percent" ad valorem" common outer tariff on bits sourced from outside the bloc, made the sales outlook seem(22)…However, CATSA's" monopoly" position in Ancom proved specious. (23)…the plant went on stream in 1974, the company was never able to export a single drill bit to the Andean market;and its local sales were(24)…a state-owned petroleum company. This market was clearly(25)…, since the operation had been based on exporting the bulk of the plant's 200-unit-per-month capacity to the Andean area.

CATSA could not penetrate the Ancom market for several reasons:

Although Ancom (26)…a 55 percent common outer tariff on third-country imports, some Ancom countries had previously (27)…LAFTA(Latin American Free Trade Association)tariff concessions, which take precedence over the Ancom tariffs.

Ancom members simply did not (28)…the spirit of the metalworking agreement. After the installation of the CATSA facility, plants producing tricorne bits (29)…in Peru and Venezuela. Under the metalworking program, participating (30)…were committed to prohibiting new foreign investment in allocations of other Ancom countries. But on the question of new investment by local industry, the obligation was only not to encourage it, with no requirement to prevent it. (31)…Venezuela, it has no commitment to limit local production or to honour the outer tariff, because it was not yet a member of Ancom when the metalworking agreement was signed and was thus not a (32)…to the pact.

Also, according to Bolivia, Colombia and Ecuador employed (33)…obstacles to avoid applying the common outer tariff.

The withdrawal of Chile from Ancom cost Bolivia a lucrative potential market, too.

(19)

A．in

B．to

C．under

D．on

Read the news item below about a company that runs health and fitness clubs.

Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.

Fighting Fit

Fine Fitness, the health and fitness club operator, an impressive set of results yesterday. (19) a 38-per-cent jump in annual pre-tax profits, the company claimed that it had (20) none of the problems (21) last week by its rival, Top Fit. According to Samantha Collier, the chief executive, Fine Fitness (22) strong and is on (23) to reach its target of 100 clubs within three years, its strategy unaffected by the apparent (24) down of the economy.

The company opened 12 new clubs in the past year, (25) its total to 51. They have (26) to be highly successful, with people joining in large numbers, especially in the 25-to-40 age range. Even the more (27) clubs are still seeing sales growth, along with rising retention (28) of more than 70 per cent. This can be seen as clear (29) of the appeal of Fine Fitness. Ms Collier admitted that as there were (31) too many companies competing with one another, there would almost certainly be (31) in the health-and-fitness-club sector of the market. She predicted that, within a relatively short time, there might be only about three major companies still in (32) However, she declined to say which these were likely to be. Profits rose by ~6.3 million, although there was a fall in gross margins from 31 per cent to 28.6 per cent because of higher insurance premiums, extra management costs and start-up expenses for the company's new (33) in Spain.

(19)

A．Stating

B．Reporting

C．Remarking

D．Informing

o inform potential customers and intermediaries about the availability and advantages of the new product. Although sales are rising slowly, Ecology doesn’t expect the product to become profitable for at least another year. Ecology’s new product is in which stage of the product life cycle？

A、A) Market growth

B、B) Market maturity

C、C) Market development

D、D) Market introduction

E、E) Sales decline

s or services". Advertisement aims to increase people's awareness and arouse interest. It tries to inform. and to persuade. The media are all used to spread the message. The press offers a fairly cheap method, and magazines are used to reach special sections of the market. The cinema and commercial radio are useful for local market. Television, although more expensive, can be very effective. Public notices are fairly cheap and more permanent in their power of attraction. Other ways of increasing consumer interest are through exhibitions and trade fairs as well as direct mail advertisement.

There can be no doubt that the growth in advertisement is one of the most striking features of the western world in this century. Many businesses such as those handling frozen foods, liquor, tobacco and medicines have been built up largely by advertisement.

We might ask whether the cost of advertisement is paid for by the producer or by the customer. (19) Since advertisement forms part of the cost of production, which has to be covered by the selling price, it is clear that it is the customer who pays for advertisement. However, if large scale advertisement leads to increased demand, production costs are reduced, and the customer pays less.

It is difficult to measure exactly the influence of advertisement on sales. When the market is growing, advertisement helps to increase demand. When the market is shrinking, advertisement may prevent a bigger fall in sales than would occur without its support. What is clear is that businesses would not pay large sums for advertisement if they were not convinced of its value to them.

Advertisement is often used to______.

A．deceive customers

B．increase production

C．arouse suspicion

D．push the sale