Located to the northwest of London, Oxford University _____________________（以其学术成就而

______.

When some 19th New Yorkers said "Harlem", they meant almost

all of Manhattan above 86th Street. Toward the end of the century,

however, a group of citizens in upper Manhattan want, perhaps, to 【S1】______

shape a closer and more precise sense of community designated a

section that they wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area

was the Harlem which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the 【S2】______

new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and lower

blocks of the West Side.

As the community became predominantly Black, the very word

"Harlem" seemed to lose its old mean. At times it was easy to forget 【S3】______

that "Harlem" was originally the Dutch name "Harlem", the 【S4】______

community it described had been founded by people from Holland,

and that for most of its three centuries-it was first settled in the

sixteen hundreds-it had been preoccupied by White New Yorkers. 【S5】______

"Harlem" became synonymous to Black life and Black style. in 【S6】______

Manhattan. Blacks living there used the word as though they had

coined it on themselves-not only to designate their area of residence 【S7】______

but to express their sense of the various qualities of its life and

atmosphere. As the years passed, "Harlem" asserted an even larger 【S8】______

meaning. In the words of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., the pastor of the

Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem "became the symbol of liberty and

the Promised Land to Negroes everywhere".

By 1919, Harlem's population had grown by several thousand. It

had received its share of wartime migration from the South, the

Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the new arrivals

merely lived in Harlem; it was New York they had come to, looking 【S9】______

for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city.

To others who migrated to Harlem, New York was merely the city

in which they found themselves: Harlem was exactly what they 【S10】______

wished to be.

【S1】

tal change since______.

rom using mobile phones while driving.

call took ______ to react than those who were not.