SECTION ACHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English. 以上都表

Demography is the statistical study of human population

It can be a-general science that can be applied to any kind

of dynamic population, that is, one that changed over 【M1】______

the time or space. It encompasses the study of the size, 【M2】______

structure and distribution of populations, and spatial or

temporal changes in them in response to birth, death,

migration and aging.

Human demography is the most well known discipline

of demography, and typically what people refer when 【M3】______

using the term demography. Demographic analysis

can be applied to whole societies or to groups defined by

criterion such as education, nationality, religion and ethnicity. 【M4】______

In academia, demography is often regarded as a branch

of either economy or sociology. Formal demography 【M5】______

limits its object of study to the measurement of populations

processes, when the more broad field of social demography 【M6】______

studies also analyze the relationships between

economic, social, cultural and biological processes influencing on 【M7】______

a population.

Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) is regarded as the "father of demography"

for his economic analysis of social organization which

produced the first scientific and theoretical work on

population, development, and group dynamics. At the end of the

18th century, Thomas Malthus concluded that, if unchecked,

populations would be subject to exponential growth. He feared

that population growth would intend to outstrip growth in food 【M8】______

production, leading to ever increased famine and poverty; he 【M9】______

is seen as the intellectual father of ideas of overpopulation and

the limits for growth. Later more sophisticated and realistic 【M10】______

models were presented by Benjamin Gompertz and Verhulst.

【M1】

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.

Did these prejudices prevail only among the meatiest and lowest of the people, perhaps they might be excused, as they have few, if any, opportunities of correcting them by reading, travelling, or conversing with foreigners; but the misfortune is that they infect the minds and influence the conduct, even of our gentlemen; of those, I mean, Who have every title to this appellation but an exemption from prejudice, which however, in my opinion, ought to be regarded as the characteristical mark of a gentleman; for let a man's birth be ever so high, his station ever so exalted, or his fortune ever so large, yet if he is not free from national and other prejudices, I should make bold to tell him that he had a low and vulgar mind, and had no just claim to the character of a gentleman. And in fact, you will always find that those are most apt to boast of national merit, who have little or no merit of their own to depend on.

go, tells you that he has changed his mind and signed a new agreement with a better university. How will you react to this? Will you support him in doing so or would rather have acted otherwise?

Write an essay of about 400 words clarifying your attitude.

1. When Credit and Interest Are at Odds

In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.

The image of van Gogh as a disturbed and forsaken artist is so strong that one easily reads it back into his childhood and adolescence. But if van Gogh had died at age of twenty, no one would have connected him with failure or mental illness. Instead he would have been remembered by those close to him as a competent and dutiful son with a promising career in the family art-detailing business. He was, in fact, poised to surpass his father and to come closer to living up to the much-esteemed van Gogh name .

The van Goghs were an old and distinguished Dutch family who could trace their lineage in Holland back to the sixteenth century. Among Vincent's five uncles, one reached the highest rank of vice-admiral in the Navy and three others prospered as successful art dealers. Van Gogh's grandfather. also named Vincent, had attained an equally illustrious status as an intellectually accomplished Protestant minister. The comparatively modest achievements of the artist's father, Theodorus, proved the exception, not the rule. Although Theodorus was the only one of grandfather Vincent's six sons to follow him into the ministry, he faltered as a preacher and could obtain only modest positions in provincial churches.

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Directions: Translate the following text into English.

①窗前挂着一串淡紫色的风铃，仿佛也和我拥有着同样的寂寞，似乎已经忘记了它在夏季中怎样歌唱。②在此时，一个冷冷的冬季，留下寂寞的风铃，在窗前苦苦等待。③难道，风儿真的也把它的友伴遗忘了吗?④可是，分明听见风儿在空中无奈地呼唤，有力拍打着窗棂，却没有一点点回响。⑤我突然想到，是窗把它们隔开了。”⑥于是，我打开窗户，风儿涌了进来，那静默已久的风铃，发出“叮叮咚咚”的音，仿佛有和友伴诉不完的思念和话语。

The changes in language will continue forever, but no one knows sure 【M1】______

who does the changing. One possibility is that children are responsible. A

professor of linguistic at the University of Hawaii, explores this in one of his 【M2】______

recent books. Sometimes around 1880, a language catastrophe occurred in 【M3】______

Hawaii when thousands of emigrant workers were brought to the islands to 【M4】______

work for the new sugar industry. These people speaking different languages

were unable to communicate with each other or with the native Hawaiians or

the dominant English-speaking owners of the plantations. So they first spoke

in Pidgin English-- the sort of thing such mixed language populations have 【M5】______

always done. A pidgin is not really a language at all. It is more like a set of

verbal signals used to name objects and without the grammatical rules needed

for expressing thoughts and ideas. And then, within a single generation, the 【M6】______

whole mass of mixed people began speaking a totally new tongue: Hawaiian 【M7】______

Creole. The new speech was contained ready-made words borrowed from all 【M8】______

the original tongues, but beared little or no resemblance to the predecessors in 【M9】______

the rules used for stringing the words together. Although generally regarded as 【M10】______

primitive language, Hawaiian Creole had a highly sophisticated grammar.

【M1】

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Directions: Translate the following text into English.

在西方国家，特别是在美国，人们往往认为时间是和大自然混成一体的，是一件人们逃脱不了的东西．通常，美国人把时间看作是一条大道，或者像一条丝带，向前伸展，通向未来，人们沿着这条时间的大道向前迈进．这条大道又分成很多支道，各管各的事，叫做“在一个时间做一个事情”．人们对不会计划时间的人评价是不高的．

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.

In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.

In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.

Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very_ institution of the family itself. To many peoplc, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but thc family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.

The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions

so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events cover 【M1】______

a number of years, a multiplicity of persons, and distant localities as the

expression of one intellectual and social movement; yet the historical process 【M2】______

which culminates in the ascent of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency 【M3】______

can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new

way of life but nationalism as a new way of life. The American Revolution 【M4】______

represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modem England

became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modem Europe in the 【M5】______

end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march of history

should have to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American 【M6】______

colonies a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new ' 【M7】______

nation. Here, in the popular rising for a "tyrannical" government, the fruits 【M8】______

were more than the securing of a free constitution. They included the growth 【M9】______

of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots

of common dement, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty.

With the American nation, in the first time, a nation was born, not in the 【M10】______

dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.

【M1】

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Directions: Translate the following text into English.

父亲为什么会把我逼到蒙娜丽莎面前，并且给我听交响乐?我想这是那种叫做命运的东西。到了27岁，我才敢向他提起这个问题(以前我甚至怕提到这个女人的名字)。他说肖邦是好东西，当我号啕大哭，他就是要把我一个人关在屋子里听肖邦。那时周围没有人家像我们一样拥有唱机和电视机，那时肉、布、油等物品还在实行配给制，那时周围有很多邻居还靠到菜场拣菜叶过生活，而我们是这幢楼里惟一的知识分子家庭，父亲认为我应该感到幸运。