加强区域能源合作共创亚太美好未来 资源节约与综合利用司副司长 刘显法 2002年7月25日各位来宾、

f widespread environmental damage for which it has been blamed. It forms when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids, which may then be carded long distances from their source before they are deposited by rain. The pollution many also take the form. of snow or fog or be precipitated in dry forms. In fact, although the term "acid rain" has been in use for more than a century — it is derived from atmospheric studies that were made in the region of Manchester, England — the more accurate scientific term would be "acid deposition." The dry form. of such precipitation is just as damaging as the liquid form, especially to trees and structures. Furthermore, some of the pollutants also associated with acid rain are not themselves acidic.

The problem of acid rain may be said to have originated with the Industrial Revolution, and it has been growing ever since. The severity of its effects has long been recognized in local settings, as exemplified by the spells of acid smog in heavily industrialized areas. The wide destructiveness of acid rain, however, has come to be realized only in recent decades. One large area that has been studied extensively is northern Europe, where acid rain has eroded structures, injured crops and forests, and threatened or depleted life in freshwater lakes. In 1983, for example, published reports indicated that 34 percent of the forested areas of West Germany had been damaged by acid rain. The northeastern U.S. and eastern Canada have also been affected by this form. of pollution, and other areas of the two countries are also showing increasing signs of damages, as are other regions of the world.

Industrial emissions have been blamed as the major cause of acid rain. Because the chemical reactions involved in the production of acid rain in the atmosphere are complex and as yet little understood, industries have tended to challenge such assessments and to stress the need for further studies; and because of the cost of pollution reduction, governments have tended to support this attitude. Studies released by the U.S. government in the early 1980s, however, strongly implicated industries as the main source of acid rain.

大贡献，这是我们党必须勇敢担负起来的历史任务。完成这个任务，必须紧紧依靠全党和全国各族人民的团结。

团结就是力量，团结就是胜利。我们党和我国人民经历了艰难曲折，积累了丰富经验，愈益成熟起来。面对很不安宁的世界，面对艰巨繁重的任务，全党同志一定要增强忧患意识，居安思危，清醒地看到日趋激烈的国际竞争带来的严峻挑战，清醒地看到前进道路上的困难和风险，倍加顾全大局，倍加珍视团结，倍加维护稳定。

全党同志和全国各族人民，紧密团结在党中央周围，万众一心，奋发图强，把中国特色社会主义事业不断推向前进，共同创造我们的幸福生活和美好未来!

SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points)

It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about.

With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here.

"With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this," Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermen's cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. "That is a fortune for people like us," he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work.

But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a "mother boat" equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the river' s main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets.

A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad.

In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants' less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations.

"The industrial fishing boats, the big 20-to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account," said the president of the local fishermen's union. "They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing."

。经济快速发展。国内生产总值比上年增长9.1%，达到 11.67万亿元；按现行汇率计算，人均国内生产总值突破1000美元，跨上一个重要台阶。

国家财力明显增强。全国财政收入达到2.17万亿元，比上年增加2787亿元。对外贸易大幅增长。进出口总额比上年增长37.1%，达到8512亿美元，由上年居世界第五位上升到第四位。

就业超过预期目标。城镇新增就业859万人，下岗失业人员再就业440万人。居民收入增加。城镇居民可支配收入实际增长9%，农民人均纯收入实际增长4.3%。

论想象力的培养

我的讲话是主张培养想象力。

那么，我是从什么意义上使用“想象力”这个词的呢? “想象力”一词的定义是：“构思出理想图画的能力”，“向自己或他人描述不在眼前的事物的能力。”我在下面的讲话使用“想象力”这个词时，就具有这样的含义。

沿着这条思路，我相信可以把我的意思讲清楚。不在眼前的事物是什么呢?例如历史就是。历史讲的是过去的事情。从某种意义上来说，历史并不存在于脑中——就是说，你看不到过去的事情：但是学习历史能使你得到并增强理解不在眼前的事物的能力。因此我愿向你们推荐历史课，那是一门最值得学习的课程。

SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points)

艾滋病

艾滋病是一种威胁生命的疾病，它侵袭人体内的自然免疫系统，破坏人体的自卫能力。

艾滋病本身并不致命，但是，由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏，病人几乎没有能力来抵御其他许多疾病的侵袭，例如，肺炎、癌症、致盲性疾病和精神错乱。

艾滋病病毒存在于人的体液中。这种病毒可以通过性生活或共用静脉注射器传播，也可以通过血制品传播，并且可以从患爱滋病的孕妇身上传播给她的妊娠婴儿。

有关艾滋病传播的许多说法是错误的。与爱滋病患者一起工作或上学不会传染上艾滋病，触摸他们用过的饮水杯或其他东西也不会传染上艾滋病。专家们说：没有人因为与艾滋病患者一起生适、照料艾滋病患者或触摸艾滋病患者而染上艾滋病。

丰富的美国成为欠债最多的国家。美国人用明天的钱，使今天的楼市一落千丈、通胀加剧。无论是美国政府还是企业和个人，总认为美国是世界最富裕的国家，可以为所欲为地借钱、用钱。然而，靠借钱过日子的国家，总不是一个健康的国家。“不用花一分钱可以成为豪宅业主”，终于引发了波及全球的金融危机；靠印钞票来掠取他国资产，会使自己的诚信彻底丧失。不负责任地“向人借钱的聪明人”，反被聪明所误，这已成为威胁美国安全的因素之一。

The Truth about the Environment

For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.

But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book The Limits to Growth was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the world's population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are temporary-associated with the early phases of industrialisation and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form. of pollution—the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming—does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem.

Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and many factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.

SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points)

今年三月，中国杂技芭蕾舞《天鹅湖》开始了为期一年的国际巡演。自1877年芭蕾舞剧《天鹅湖》在莫斯科首演以来，世界各国的芭蕾舞剧团无数次地出演了各种版本的《天鹅湖》。此次，中国艺术家用杂技语汇对这一经典芭蕾进行了一次大胆诠释。

尽管中国杂技已有2700年的悠久历史，但因其品位不高，观众有限，发展缓慢，杂技市场也逐渐缩小。直至上个世纪80年代，杂技的综合艺术效应才开始得到注重。为了使杂技成为真正的艺术，使之走进世界艺术的主流，广州军区战士杂技团，经过三年努力，将芭蕾舞剧《天鹅湖》改编成杂技《天鹅湖》。

这出《天鹅湖》保持了芭蕾舞的典雅性，实现了高难技巧、新颖形式和剧情的统一。杂技艺术中的魔术手段也在剧中“适得其所”。在成功地让中国版的“天鹅”飞向世界的同时，它将为振兴杂技，这个一度衰退的艺术形式，带来希望。

SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points)

自20世纪90年代以来，中国政府积极探索借鉴国际反贫困经验，不断扩大与国际组织在扶贫领域的合作，并有了明显进展。

在扶贫领域，世界银行与中国的合作最早，投入规模最大。世界银行与中国目前已经开展的西南、秦巴、西部三期扶贫贷款项目，援助总规模达6.1亿美元，覆盖九个省区；91个贫困县、800多万贫困人口。其中中国西南世界银行贷款项目于1995年 7月开始在云南、贵州、广西三省(区)最贫困的35个国家级贫困县实施。项目总投资42.3亿元，其中利用世行贷款2.475亿美元，国内相应的配套资金为21.8亿元。项目建设主要包括大农业、基础设施建设、第二、三产业开发、劳务输出、教育卫生和贫困监测等方面。项目建成后将使项目区350万贫困人口稳定解决温饱问题。这一项目是中国第一个跨省区、跨行业、综合性的扶贫开发项目，也是迄今为止利用外资规模最大的扶贫项目。目前项目进展顺利，并已进入收尾阶段。