For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on Environment Protection

Passage Two

The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity?

The answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.

Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.

In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identificatipn number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.

And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.

When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate (合并)it within existing information by forming associations. And when we retrieve (检索) information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.

The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.

A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.

In a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full.

What have past behavioural studies found about our brain?

A.Its capacity actually knows no limits

B.It grows sophisticated with practice

C.It keeps our most precious memories until life’s end

D.New information learned pushes old information out

What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life?A.It adds to the burden of their memory

B.It makes their life more complicated

C.It contributes to their success in life

D.It constitutes a rare object of envy

What is the benefit of forgetting?A.It frees us from painful memories

B.It helps slow down our aging process

C.It facilitates our access to relevant information

D.It prevents old information from forming associations

What does the passage say about forgetting?A.It can enlarge our brain capacity

B.It helps get rid of negative memories

C.It is a way of organising our memories

D.It should not cause any alarm in any way

What is the emphasis of current studies of memory?A.When people tend to forget

B.What contributes to forgetting

C.How new technology hinders memory capacity

D.Why learning and forgetting arc complementary

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Passage One

The Urbanization — migration away from the suburbs to the city center — will be the biggest real estate trend in 2015, according to a new report.

The report says America’s urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.

As smaller cities copy the model of these “24-hour cities，”tfiore affordable versions of these places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the “18-hour city，”，and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are “positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural facilities.”

Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America’s largest population group, Millennials (千禧一代)，will continue to put off buying a house. Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.

This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey respondents disagree over whether this generation will follow in their parents，footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, or will choose to remain in the city center.

Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America’s failing infrastructure. Most roads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid, and communications networks were installed 50 to 100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.

The report’s writers state that America’s failure to invest in infrastructure impacts not only the health of the real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally competitive.

Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate “upcycle” and improving economy. Seventy-four percent of the respondents surveyed report a “good to excellent” expectation of real-estate profitability in 2015. While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real- estate “bubble,” the report’s writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet occurred.

According to the new report, real estate development in 2015 will witness_______ .

A.an accelerating speed

B.a shift to city centers

C.a new focus on small cities

D.an ever-increasing demand

Why are Millennials reluctant to buy a house?A.They can only afford small apartments

B.The house prices are currently too high

C.Their parents' bad experience still haunts them

D.They feel attached to the suburban environment

What characterizes “24-hour cities” like New York?A.People can live without private cars

B.People are generally more competitive

C.People can enjoy services around the clock

D.People are in harmony with the environment

What might hinder real estate development in the U.S.?A.The continuing economic recession in the country

B.The lack of confidence on the part of investors

C.The fierce global competition

D.The worsening infrastructure

How do most of the respondents in the survey feel about the U.S. real-estate market in 2015?A.Pessimistic

B.Hopeful

C.Cautious

D.Uncertain

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

From Accountant to Yogi: Making a Radical Career Change

[A] At some point, almost all of us will experience a period of radical professional change. Some of us will seek it out; for others it will feel like an unwelcome intrusion into otherwise stable careers. Either way, we have choices about how we respond to it when it comes.

[B] We recently caught up with yoga entrepreneur Leah Zaccaria, who put herself through the fire of change to completely reinvent herself. In her search to live a life of purpose, Leah left her high-paying accounting job, her husband, and her home, hi the process, she built a radically new life and career. Since then, she has founded two yoga studios, met a new life partner, and formed a new community of people. Even if your personal reinvention is less drastic, we think there are lessons from her experience that apply.

[C] Where do the seeds of change come from? the Native American Indians have a saying: “Pay attention to the whispers so you won’t have to hear the screams.” Often the best ideas for big changes come from unexpected places — it’s just a matter of tuning in. Great leaders recognize the weak signals or slight signs that point to big changes to come. Leah reflects on a time she listened to the whispers: “About the time my daughter was five years old. I started having a sense that ‘this isn’t right.”’ She then realized that her life no longer matched her vision for it.

[D] Up until that point, Leah had followed traditional measures of success. After graduating with a degree in business and accounting, she joined a public accounting firm, married, bought a house, put lots of stuff in it, and had a baby. “I did what everybody else thought looked successful,” she says. Leah easily could have fallen into a trap of feeling content; instead, her energy sparked a period of experimentation and renewal.

[E] Feeling the need to change, Leah started playing with future possibilities by exploring her interests and developing new capabilities. First trying physical exercise and dieting, she lost some weight and discovered an inner strength. “1 felt powerful because 1 broke through my own limitations,” she recalls.

[F] However, it was another interest that led Leah to radically reinvent herself. “I remember sitting on a bench with my aunt at a yoga studio,’’ she said, having a moment of clarity right then and there: Yoga is saving my life. Yoga is waking me up. I’m not happy and I want to change and I’m done with this.” In that moment of clarity Leah made an important leap,conquering her inner resistance to change and making a firm commitment to take bigger steps.

[G] Creating the future you want is a lot easier if you are ready to exploit the opportunities that come your way. When Leah made the commitment to change, she primed herself to new opportunities she may otherwise have overlooked. She recalls:

[H] One day a man I worked with, Ryan, who had his office next to mine, said, “Leah, let’s go look at this space on Queen Anne.” He knew my love for yoga and had seen a space close to where he lived that he thought might be good to serve as a yoga studio. As soon as I saw the location, I knew this was it. Of course I was scared, yet I had this strong sense of “I have to do this.” Only a few months later Leah opened her first yoga studio, but success was not instant.

[I] Creating the future takes time. That’s why leaders continue to manage the present while building toward the big changes of the future. When it’s time to make the leap, they take action and immediately drop what’s no longer serving their purpose. Initially Leah stayed with her accounting job while starting up the yoga studio to make it all work.

[J] Soon after, she knew she had to make a bold move to fully commit to her new future. Within two years, Leah shed the safety of her accounting job and made the switch complete. Such drastic change is not easy.

[K] Steering through change and facing obstacles brings us face to face with our fears. Leah reflects on one incident that triggered her fears, when her investors threatened to shut her down: “I was probably up against the most fear I’ve ever had，” she says. “I had spent two years cultivating this community, and it had become successful very fast, but within six months I was facing the prospect of losing it all.”

[L] She connected with her sense of purpose and dug deep, cultivating a tremendous sense of strength. “I was feeling so intentional and strong that I wasn’t going to let fear just take over. I was thinking, ‘OK, guys, if you want to try to shut me down, shut me down.’And I knew it was a negotiation scheme, so I was able to say to myself, ‘This is not real.’” By naming her fears and facing them head-on, Leah gained confidence. For most of us, letting go of the safety and security of the past gives us great fear. Calling out our fears explicitly, as Leah did,can help us act decisively.

[M] The cycle of renewal never ends. Leah’s growth spurred her to open her second studio— and it wasn’t for the money.

[N] I have no desire to make millions of dollars. It’s not about that; it’s about growth for me. Honestly, I didn’t need to open a second studio. I was making as much money as I was as an accountant. But I know if you don’t grow, you stand still, and that doesn’t work for me.

[O] Consider the current moment in your own life, your team or your organization. Where are you in the cycle of renewal: Are you actively preserving the present, or selectively forgetting the past, or boldly creating the future? What advice would Leah give you to move you ahead on your journey? Once we’re on the path of growth, we can continually move through the seasons of transformation and renewal.

36. Readiness to take advantage of new opportunities will make it easier to create one’s desired future.

37. By conventional standards, Leah was a typical successful woman before she changed her career.

38. Leah gained confidence by laying out her fears and confronting them directly.

39. In search of a meaningful life, Leah gave up what she had and set up her own yoga studios.

40 Leah&39;s interest in yoga prompted her to make a firm decision to reshape her life.

41. Small signs may indicate great changes to come and therefore merit attention.

42. Leah’s first yoga studio was by no means an immediate success.

43. Some people regard professional change as an unpleasant experience that disturbs their stable careers.

44. The worst fear Leah ever had was the prospect of losing her yoga business.

45. As she explored new interests and developed new potentials，Leah felt powerful internally.

ernet being too slow.

New York’s Attorney General’s office (26)_______ an investigation in the fall into whether or not Verizon, Cablevision and Time Warner are delivering broadband that’s as fast as the providers (27)_______ it is. Earlier this month, the office asked for the public’s help to measure their speed results, saying consumers (28)_______ to get the speeds they were promised. “Too many of us may be paying for one thing, and getting another，” the Attorney General said.

If the investigation uncovers anything, it wouldn’t be the first time a telecom provider got into (29)_______ over the broadband speeds it promised and delivered customers. Back in June, the Federal Communications Commission fined AT& T $ 100 million over (30)_______ that the carrier secretly reduced wireless speeds after customers consumed a certain amount of (31)_______ .

Even when they stay on the right side of the law, Internet providers arouse customers’ anger over bandwidth speed and cost. Just this week, an investigation found that media and telecom giant Comcast is

the most (32)_______ provider. Over 10 months, Comcast received nearly 12,000 customer complaints, many (33)_______ to its monthly data cap and overage (超过额度的)charges.

Some Americans are getting so (34)_______ with Internet providers they’re just giving up. A recent study found that the number of Americans with high-speed Internet at home today (35)_______ fell during the last two years, and 15% of people now consider themselves to be “cord-cutters.”

A)accusations

B) actually

C) claim

D) communicating

E) complain

F) data

G) deserved

H) frustrated

I) hated

J) launched

K) relating

L) times

M) trouble

N) usually

O) worried

ove. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline ( given in Chinese ) below.

1. 近年来，网恋在年轻人中呈上升趋势；

2．网恋的利处与带来的问题；

3．你的看法。