Write an answer to one of the questions 2—4 in this part. Write 200—250 words on the separ

?Read the text below about how to order products.

?In most of the lines (41-52) there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.

?If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.

?If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.

Special Products Co.—How to Order

Our specialty is our convenient catalogue system. Instead of spending time going to a shop, you simply order with it directly from us.

41．Ordering is easy and delivery fast. Once received, your order will

42．normally be dispatched within 72 hours. We will inform. to you

43．immediately should any items be out of stock. If you are not happy

44．with your purchases please return them to us within the 15 days in their

45．original packaging and we will return you for in full. Quality is our main

46．criterion. Each item is under unconditionally guaranteed for 6 months.

47．You will receive a receipt and with your order which is your guarantee.

48．In the unlikely event of damage to an item during delivery, should please

49．contact with us immediately on 56513726 and we will arrange for

50．its return or replacement.

51．All prices and promotional

52．offers are valid until 30th September.

(41)

&8226;Read this text about trademarks.

&8226;Choose the best sentence from the sentences that follow to fill each of the gaps.

&8226;For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.

&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.

What Is a Trademark?

There are several types of company and product identifications. The trademark, also called a brand name, is the name by which people can speak of the product. Very often a trademark will include some pictorial or design element. If it does, the combination is called a logotype (or simply a logo).

Trademarks are proper terms that identify the products and services of a business and distinguish them from products and services of others. Specially, a trademark is a word, design, or combination used by a company to identify its brand and to distinguish it from others, and it may be registered and protected by law. (9) . Trademarks can also be termed service marks when used to identify a service. In general, a trademark for goods appears on the product or its packaging, and a service mark is used in advertising to identify the services.

The logo design is an extremely important element in the successful marketing of a product. It is difficult to sell a product until a reasonable level of name recognition is achieved among the consumers. (10) . Most designers attempt to forge a compatible relationship among the package design, logo, and advertising for the product. A strong logo on the package and in product advertising creates an environment of recognition.

Clearly, the most successful packages are those that combine an intriguing design scheme with a provocative logotype. (11) . After all, when pushing a shopping cart down a supermarket aisle, the consumer's first images will be recognizable brand names. Trademarks should not be confused with trade names, which are corporate or business names. General Motors, for example, is the trade name of a company making automobiles whose trademark (not trade name) is Buick. The terms trademark and trade name are often confused. (12) . Trade names can be used in the possessive form. and do not require a generic form. Many companies, however, use their trade names as trademarks. For example, Reebok International Ltd. is the corporate name, and Reebok may be used as a trade name, as "Reebok's newest line of athletic shoes is for children. " (13) . Some personal names (as with product names) may sound the same but may have different spellings--Sherry, Sherri, or even Cheri. Or they may simply be very familiar names--Jennifer, Jane, Susan, Emily--or dearly distinctive, like Ruhanna. Yet, distinctive may appear difficult to read or pronounce. (14) .

They want names that can easily become familiar to consumers, yet be easy to read and pronounce and be memorable.

A. What we mean is a logo that is distinctive enough if it is extracted from the package will still project the visual personality of the product.

B. Trade names are proper nouns.

C. In fact, the creation of a logo is so important that a number of firms have been established whose primary function is the design of logos, packages, and corporate identity.

D. General Electric has a simple procedure for developing trademarks for its brands.

E. Companies and products have a similar problem.

F. Reebok also is used as a trademark: "Are you wearing Reebok athletic shoes or another brand?"

G. Trademark formats can include letters, numbers, slogans, geometric shapes, pictures, labels, colour combinations, product and container shapes, vehicles, clothing, and even sound.

(9)

ort of one another.

TASK TWO—DISADVANTAGE

?For questions 18—22, match the extracts with the disadvantages, listed A—H.

?For each extract, choose the disadvantage stated.

?Write one letter (A—H) next to the number of the extract.

A Government regulations

B Lack of secrecy

C Difficulty in creating

D Lack of cooperation

E Rigid structure

F Lack of planning

G Lack of personal interest

H Higher taxes

?The graph below shows the Canadian advertising spending in seven major areas in 2002.

?Using the information from the graph, write a short report describing all the distribution of the advertising spending in seven major areas in 2002.

?Write 120-140 words on the separate paper provided.

How to approach Reading Test Part One

&8226;In this part of the Reading Test you match eight statements with five short texts.

&8226;First read each short text and then read the sentences to see which ones refer to the text.

&8226;Make sure you read each text for overall meaning. Do not choose an answer just because you can see the same words in the text,

? Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from a text about corporate ownership of planes on the opposite page.

? Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1 - 8 refer to?

? For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.

? You will need to use some of these letters more than once.

A

Regular European business travellers view travelling on commercial airlines as inefficient and inconvenient~ Mostly it is not the airlines' fault but the infrastructure they have to work with. Private aircraft are being bought primarily not to save money on tickets but to save time. Scheduled flights in Europe cover only 10 per cent of the destinations available. Delays, more likely than not in European travel these days, waste precious time. The number of hours top executives with huge salaries waste has a direct impact on cost-effectiveness.

B

The gradual completion of Europe's single market means that more and more executives are crisscrossing Europe looking for business. With European domestic air fares extremely high, a corporate jet looks more attractive for executives flying three or four times a month. Even some of Europe's smaller companies are investigating it. However, the larger European airports operate priority regulations which govern slot allocation for take-off and create delays; airlines have first priority, chartered flights come second, air taxis third and business jets are fourth on the list. Smaller airports pose problems of access and a risk of inadequate ground handling.

C

Most businesses will not discuss their corporate aircraft or even reveal whether the already high-earning chief executive has an aircraft, for fear of shareholder reaction. There is still some stigma attached to ownership of a business jet. With new planes costing anything from $5 million upwards plus extra comforts in the interior, many companies feel they can't justify the expense to shareholders and employees. For some European managers a private jet is seen as an unacceptable perk indicating serious problems in a company's management.

D

The market for private aircraft divides into two sectors: the no-expense-spared rich man's plaything - the popular image - and the serious business tool owned by corporations. Manufacturers deliver the former as what is called a 'green' aircraft - a plane that is unfinished except for a green corrosive-resistant paint which covers the bare metal. Owners personalise the plane with telephones, dining areas and even cinemas. The latter sector is very different and planes are normally bought with straightforward seating.

E

Fractional ownership of aircraft has opened up the market, as the low acquisition costs and predictable monthly fees are more palatable to shareholders, and to first-time buyers. Some of the biggest names in the business jet industry have launched their own fractional ownership schemes. Several smaller companies are also getting in on the act and are trying to beat the larger companies down the runway by offering cheaper prices. Yet critics claim that fractional ownership is untested and faces the customer with a wide range of liabilities.

The expense of plane ownership is seen as unacceptable by large numbers of people.

Task Two—Purpose of advertisement

?For questions 18-22, match the extracts with the purposes, listed A-H,

?For each extract, choose the purpose of the advertisement.

?Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract.

A to advertise a job

B to launch a new product

C to announce new opening times

D to publicise a sale

E to announce a change in location

F to change the company's image

G to give information about sales figures

H to promote a catalogue

?Read the article below about high-context and low-context culture

?In most of the lines 41-52 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.

?If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.

?If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.

Correct In a high-context culture, people understand a lot from the context. In

With other words, specific criticisms or problems are not spoken with about.

41 If you are accustomed to this sort of culture, you can understand the

42 message up from the context, rather than from what is said. Another

43 way of putting this is to say which that the message is implicit, rather than

44 explicit. In a high-context culture it is important to avoid any talk

45 negativity. Harmony is maintained by smiling and even saying 'yes' to

46 something, for which you disagree to. Real sticking points in a

47 negotiation are unlikely to be dealt managed with in public. It is more

48 likely that a concession will be offered in private. In this way, harmony

49 is maintained and there is also no loss of losing face. In a low-context

50 culture, people are far more explicit. Nothing is left behind to chance.

51 The risk of miscomprehension is very low. Everything must be either

52 written down and clarified and, if possible, reinforced by a legal contract.

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&8226;Read this passage from an article about arbitration.

&8226;Choose the best sentence from the following sentences to fill each of the gaps.

&8226;For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.

&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.

Arbitration

Since World War Ⅱ, arbitration has proved an extremely popular mode for resolving disputes. Arbitration, arguably, could be said to be the first step towards privatisation of justice, in that it is an alternative resolution through national (State) courts. The parties have greater control over the appointment of arbitrators, language of the arbitration, place of arbitration, and the principles to be applied to issues under consideration. The principles need not be tied to a national law, such as English Law or Chinese Law. The issue could be decided on equitable principles.

In other words, arbitration means the settlement of disputes through the appointment of independent referees who hear and adjudicate cases. (9) . This is different from "conciliation", which is the use of an independent and fair minded intermediary to help resolve a dispute, with the conciliator acting as an 'honest broker' between the disputants--advising each side of the other's views and feelings and suggesting compromises (rather than reaching an independent decision, as happens with arbitration).

(10) . In theory, the decision to settle disputes in this way is agreed on beforehand by the two parties as part of the framework within which they intend to trade. In practice, it is normally imposed upon their trading relationships by the stronger party, who inserts it as a clause in his Standard Terms and Conditions, to which the weaker party must agree if he wishes to trade. The word 'arbitrate' originates from the Latin 'arbitrari' (to judge, or reach a decision). (11) . It is an essential element in arbitration that the arbitrator's decision shall be final and bind upon the parties. There is, in principle, a severely restricted right of judicial review of arbitration awards on questions of law in a very limited number of cases, but the parties can exclude judicial review completely by an express agreement, if they so wish.

Arbitration often allows you to resolve disputes more quickly and cheaply than by going to court. (12) . When the arbitration is over, the decisions of the arbitrators are final. If you are unhappy with the result, you cannot go to court for judgment. (13) . If you want to appeal an arbitrator's decision you must do so within three months.

In addition, mediation is also an option that can be considered before going to arbitration. Mediation may allow you to save time and money because it is quicker than arbitration Mediation also can be less confrontational than arbitration. (14) .

A. The person appointed to act as arbitrator will hear the views of both parties on the matter in dispute and decide where the truth of the matter lies and how the problem should he resolved.

B. Arbitration is the settlement of disputes between parties without recourse to law.

C. The arbitrators' decisions can only be appealed under very limited circumstances.

D. The referees must be mutually selected by each party to the disputes.

E. Arbitrators are very helpful in arbitration and can solve your problems.

F. If you can't reach an agreement through mediation, you can still go to arbitration.

G. Instead of judges or juries, arbitrators decide if wrongdoing occurred and how to correct it or compensate you for it.

(9)