Flame screens are used to ______.A.contain flammable fumesB.protect firefightiers from fla

T gas free？

A.With gooseneck vents

B.With warning signs

C.With flame screens

D.With pressure-vacuum relief valves

ed with ______．

A.Gooseneck vents and flame screens

B.Pressure-vacuum relief valves

C.Branch vent lines and a vent header

D.Forced draft blowers

Internal combustion engine crankcase vent outlets must be equipped with _______

A.hinged rain guards

B.corrosion resistant flame screens

C.dipsticks for measuring oil levels

D.crankcase ventilation fans

What is acceptable flame screening ________．

A.A fitted single brass screen of 10 x 10 mesh

B.A fitted stainless steel screen of 30 x 30 mesh

C.A fitted single stainless steel screen of 15 x 15 mesh

D.Two fitted brass screens of 10 x 15 mesh spaced 1/2 inch apart

The passage tells us that Mr. Britton ______.

A．regains a sense of self-worth from the Rolling Thunder riding

B．joined the Rolling Thunder rally annually because he was assigned by the Christian Motorcyclists Association as the chaplain for the bikers

C．is a member of Rolling Thunder, the Christian Motorcyclists Association, Carry the Flame and Rolling Thunder National

D．couldn't hold a steady job when he retumed from Vietnam because of severe physical injury during the war

PROTECTING EYES FROM COMPUTER SCREENS

Many of us spend the bulk of the day looking at computer screens. Reading this article means there’s a good chance you’re looking at one right now.

But does looking at computer screens damage your eyes？ Professor Nathan Efron does not consider computer screens “harmful” to our eyes.

But he admits if you use one a lot, you increase your risk of becoming slightly more short-sighted –where your eyes focus well only on close objects while more distant objects appear blurred. This is especially the case for children and young adults, whose eyes are still developing.

In the shorter term, prolonged viewing of a computer screen can make any slight existing vision defects more noticeable. It can also give you what is sometimes known as “computer vision syndrome” – eye strain, headaches, gritty eyes and blurry vision. But this is only temporary and can be minimized by:

Adjusting the screen display so the contrast is high and the brightness feels comfortable.

Having lighting that does not produce glare on the screen.

Giving your eyes regular rests from looking at the screen (The Optometrists Association of Australia recommends you do this for five to ten minutes every one to two hours of computer use. It's a good time to make phone calls or do other tasks.)

1. Many of us spend much time looking at computer screens. {T; F}

2. Looking at computer screens for long time doesn’t damage children and young adults’ eyesight. {T; F}

3. Computer vision syndrome cannot be weakened. {T; F}

4. It’s good taking breaks during screen watching. {T; F}

5. Proper lighting is important to protect our eyes. {T; F}

ising in mall food courts, offices, hotel lobbies and at grocery store checkout counters:

A growing number of marketers are using digital technology to push their advertising messages on high-definition video screens in venues where consumers gather.

One pundit has dubbed the growing business of reaching consumers when they're outside of the home as the "outernet". These advertising networks typically blend commercial messages with news, sports, and weather feeds supplied by major media companies. The flurry of out-of-home advertising is spreading to convenience stores, grocery store checkout counters and elevators in office buildings.

The outernet industry is pitching itself to advertisers that are frustrated with the high cost of traditional media and the never-ending search for advertising outlets that work.

"It's a very chaotic advertising market right how, and that chaos tends to work for us," said Charlie Nooney, chief executive of San Francisco-based Premier Retail Networks Inc, which sends advertising into shops operated by Wal-Mart Stores Inc and Best Buy Inc.

Wireless technology can push advertising "anywhere you want, in trains or in cable cars at ski resorts," said Nancy Jackson, a vice president with Westford, Massachusetts-based Captivate Network Inc in the US.

The screen ads account for a tiny sliver of the US＄5.3 billion outdoor advertising industry. But as the cost of digital technology drops, screens that show television-like commercials are expected to make inroads in the category.

The industry operates on a simple principle: Find out where consumers are gathering and put a screen in their faces. Industry players want your free time, whether it's a 20-second elevator ride at work or a two-minute wait to pay for your groceries. Messages are tailored to fit into the available window; some of the advertising pitches run 10 seconds or less.

"If you are standing in line waiting for a Big Mac and fries, you've got nothing else to do," said Tracy Crocker, president of Next Generation Network, which is installing advertising screens in 7-Elevens. "And you're going to remember those commercials more than the ones you see sitting around at home watching your favourite TV show because there are no distractions."

Although the sector often is lumped in with billboards and other out-of-home advertising options, industry players say their screens are a close cousin of cable television because the systems promise to deliver specific demographics rather than the broad audience a well-placed billboard attracts.

Captivate Network, for example, focuses on elevators and lobbies of high-rise office buildings that are home to high income executives.

Technology advances that continue to cut the costs of installing screens and transmit ting content and advertising are at the core of the new advertising medium. Captivate Network uses wireless local-area networks in elevator shafts to send content and advertising onto flat-panel screens mounted in elevators. In the late 1990s, the system required complicated wiring for each car, an expensive and time-consuming process.

The new technologies remove barriers that have kept advertisers from reaching, say, commuter train passengers, said Captivate Network executive Jackson.

Initial market research suggests that consumers are more apt to see the electronic displays than traditional, static advertising. Premier Retail Networks last year unveiled a Nielsen Media Research study suggesting that customer recall for outernet advertising shown on screens inside Wal-Mart locations surpasses rate for similar advertising shown on television.

Which of the following about the outer net is NOT true？

A．It refers to such outdoor advertising as elevator advertising and billboards.

B．It is now less expensive and time-consuming than the traditional media.

C．It benefits a lot from technology advances.

D．It will become more and more popular as an advertising outlet.

advertisers. Its shrilling clamour(喧闹声)dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screens and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the mad-side Billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights at night.

Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrate achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure？

Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they finish it, by pretending that it gives status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the. manufacturer is in clover (养尊处优).

Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is or another, some alteration seems called for how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.

According to the passage modern advertising becomes one of the most prosperous industries because ______.

A．people are more concerned with the image of a product rather than the product itself

B．it saves manufacturers from considering how the products can appeal to customers

C．there are all kinds of media available

D．there are many excellent advertisers who can make their voices authoritative

In the past few years, personal computers (PCs) have become better, stronger and faster but so have the bits and pieces you plug into them.

Monitors

If big is better when it comes to screens or monitors, it is also more costly. As with big TVs, big computer screens are expensive. The Americans' touching devotion to imperial measurements still holds in the computer industry, so people still shop for goods by the inch rather than by the centimeter.

Anyone planning to do any desktop publishing with a PC will want a larger screen; increasingly, however, World Wide Web users and game players are also discovering the rewards of a larger monitor.

American medical television series, such as ER, regularly show the hi-technology used in modern US hospitals. A good example is the thin flat screens used on all computers. Know why they have thin, flat monitors？ Because they're LCD, which is less bulky and smaller than the standard CRT, the kind used in television sets. The LCD screens don' t emit any electromagnetic radiation, which could interfere with the heart machines and other sophisticated electronic equipment in hospitals and thereby cause a crisis. LCD screens are lighter, flatter and throw out less heat than CRTs. They are also at least three times the price — and, as such, out of the league of home users.

Scanners

A scanner is a device a bit like a photocopier, which creates a digital image of a page and stores it on disk. These days most scanners handle color images and are beginning to come in quite a variety of shapes and sizes. The scanner market is a great example of the way the ground can shift in peripherals. Scanners used to be expensive pieces of professional equipment; now, they are an increasingly useful addition to the home or small business PC environment.

The most practical home scanners used to be hand-held devices that the user could slowly track across the desired image, strip by strip. Now, however, there is a wide range of both flatbed and sheet-fed scanners available between ＄ 500 and ＄ 1200.

The first application for scanners has been to scan images or photographs, especially for reproduction in publications. Besides scanning images, the other major application for scanners is OCR scanning in printed articles and converting them to text on the PC.

Printers

There are three main types of printers—dot matrix, inkjet and laser. Dot matrix models still have their place in high-volume commercial jobs, but few home and small office users choose them now. They might be cheap, but they are noisy and the results (especially in color) simply aren't very good.

By contrast, inkjet printers have taken the consumer market by storm in recent years. Unlike dot-matrix printers, which hammer pins against a ribbon as a typewriter does, inkjets silently squirt ink onto the page.

Inkjets, however, are slow, and the quality of their printed type isn't as crisp as you want for professional use. So the next step up is a laser printer. Since the introduction of GDI technology—which cuts down the demands on the printer hardware by getting the PC to do the hard work of the printing process—laser printers have come down markedly in price.

Color laser printers are a bit like color laser copiers—they exist, but only in larger offices and specialist graphics businesses. The various kinds of color laser will inevitably get cheaper—but they may be overtaken in the consumer market by new printers on the US market, which turn out glossy prints which look like photographs and are aimed at users of the new computerized, digital cameras.

This passage is most likely extracted from ______.

A．an advertisement on PCs

B．a primary school textbook on science

C．an article introducing the latest developments in the computer world

D．a research paper on the functioning of the computer

Olympic Torches

Every two years, people around the world wait in anticipation as a torch-beating runner enters the Olympic arena and lights the cauldron(主火炬). The symbolic lighting of the Olympic flame marks the beginning of another historic Olympic Games.

The opening ceremony is the end of a long journey for the Olympic torah. By the time it arrives in the stadium, it has traveled thousands of miles. It may have crossed oceans and deserts and traversed mountains. It may have been carried on planes, trains, bicycles, boats, and even dog sleds. And it will have passed through the hands of thousands of different people around the globe. This article chronicles the history of the Olympic torch, reveals how it is designed to stay lit through even the harshest weather conditions, and follows its path from Olympia, Greece, to the Olympic Games.

History of the Torch

Fire is always held great power for humans. It cooks our food, keeps us warm, and lights our way through the dark.

The ancient Greeks revered the power and fire. In Greek mythology, the god Prometheus stole fire from Zeus and gave it to humans. To celebrate the passing of fire from Prometheus to man, the Greeks would hold relay races. Athletes would pass a lit torch to one another until the winner reached the finish line.

The Greeks held their first Olympic Games in 776 B.C. The Games, held every four years at Olympia, honored Zeus and other Greek gods. The Olympics also marked the beginning of a period of peace for the often warring Greeks. At the start of the Games, runners called "heralds of peace" would travel throughout Greece, declaring a "sacred truce(休战) "to all wars between rival city-states. The truce would remain in place for the duration of the games, so that spectators could safely travel to the Olympics.

A constantly burning flame was a regular fixture throughout Greece. It usually graced the alters(祭坛) of the Greek gods. In Olympia, there was an altar dedicated to Hera, goddess of birth and marriage. At the start of the Olympic Games, the Greeks would ignite a cauldron of flames upon Hera's altar. They lit the flame using a hollow disc or mirror called a skaphia, which, much like the modern oval mirror, focused the sun's rays into a single point to light the flame. The flame would burn throughout the Games as a sign of purity, reason, and peace.

The Greeks stopped holding their Olympic Games after about a thousand years, and the torch, relays and lighting of the flame also stopped. The Olympic Games did not reemerge until 1896, when the first modern Games were held in Athens. The torch relay took a bit longer to reemerge.

The Birth of the Modern Torch Relay

The flame was reintroduced to the Olympics at the 1928 Amsterdam Games. A cauldron was lit, but there was no torch relay.

The first Olympic torch relay was at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games. Carl Diem, a German history professor and Secretary General of the Organizing Committee of the Games inn, educed the relay as a way of reconnecting the modern Olympics with the Games' historical roots. The flame was lit in Olympia, Greece, just as it had been centuries before. Then it was carried to Berlin, Germany, for the start of the Olympics.

The torch relay was not introduced to the Winter Olympics until the 1952 Games. It was lit that year not in Olympia, Greece, but in Norway, which was chosen because it was the birthplace of skiing. But since the 1964 Olympics at Innsbruck, Austria, every Olympic Games—Winter and Summer—has begun with a torch-lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece, followed by a torch relay to the Olympic stadium.

The Lighting of the Olympic Torch

The Olympic torch is lit several months before the start of the actual Games. The flame begins its journey at the site of the original Olympic Games—Olympia, Greece. It is lit,just

A．Y

B．N

C．NG