"lOprojects in the pipeline" in the last paragraph means

请根据短文内容，回答题。

Living on Water

Desperately short of living space and dangerously prone to flooding, the Netherlands plans to start building homes, businesses and even roads on water.

With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters, the authorities believe that floating communities may well be the future.

Six prototype wooden and aluminum floating houses are already attached to something off Amsterdam, and at least a further 100 are planned on the same estate, called Ijburg.

"Everybody asks why didn&39;t we do this kind of thing before," said Gijsbert Van der Woerdt,director of the firm responsible for promoting the concept. "After Bangladesh we&39;re the most densely populated country in the world. Building space is scarce and government studies show that we&39;ll need to double the space available to us in the coming years to meet all our needs."

Before being placed on the water and moved into position by tugboats (拖船), the houses are built on land atop concrete flat-bottomed boats, which encase giant lumps of polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) reinforced with steel. The flat-bottomed boats are said to be unsinkable and are anchored by underwater cables. The floating roads apply the same technology.

The concept is proving popular with the Dutch. "The waiting list for such homes, which will cost between euros 200,000,500,000 to buy, runs to 5,000 names," claims Van der Woerdt.

With much of the country given over to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers, planners have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses designed so that the water beneath them irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside.

A pilot project, covering 50 hectares of flooded land near Amsterdam&39;s Schiphol airport, is planned for 2005.

The opportunities for innovative developers look promising. "We have 10 projects in the pipeline- floating villages and cities complete with offices, shops and restaurants," Van der Woerdt said.

The Netherlands plans to start building floating communities on water because 查看材料

A.most parts of the country are covered by water

B.the country is constantly threatened by floods

C.it will promote the cultivation of flowers

D.people think it better to live on water

请根据短文内容，回答题。

Spacing in Animals Flight Distance

Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. "Flight distance" is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance- the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard&39;s flight distance, on the other hand is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.

Critical Distance Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction.

"Critical distance" includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion&39;s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man.

Social Distance Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group -- that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group- it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group.

Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short--apparently only a few yards--among some animals, and quite long among others.

Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother&39;s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo.

When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.

Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of Flight Distance? 查看材料

A.Distance between animals of the same species before fleeing

B.Distance between large and small animals before fleeing

C.Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing

D.Distance between certain animal species before fleeing

料

A.They are very funny.

B.They are very healthy.

C.They are very aggressive.

D.They are very stubbom （顽固的 ）.

What changed from 1968 to 1996? 查看材料

A.Publicity.

B.Information.

C.Communication.

D.The average soundbite.

请根据短文内容，回答题。

Political Spins

Last week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton "chutzpah" ( 大胆放肆).

With just. one sentence, Snow managed to make headlines, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics--with carefully-worded one-liners ( 一行自幕新闻 ) made for TV which often lack substance and clarity (清晰度) .

"The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller," said Mark Smith, a political science professor at Cedarville University.

This has been accompanied by a changing media environment, Smith said. In 1968, the average TV or radio soundbite (演讲中的句子或短语) was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In 1996, the average soundbite had shrunk to 8 seconds. Thus, politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible.

Campaigning politicians also use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages. Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the "Straight Talk Express". McCain hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth--whether it&39;s in fashion or not. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton,on the other hand, has chosen the campaign slogan "Let the conversation begin". She hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly.

But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political "spin". Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan (无党派的) website FactCheck. org, calls spin "just a polite word for deception ( 欺骗) "

"I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin," said Jackson. Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong.

Which statement is NOT true of one-liners? 查看材料

A.They are unclear

B.They contain a lot of information

C.They lack substance

D.They are carefully constructed

Fifth Avenue is the place 查看材料

A.do whatever they like for relaxation

B.where you can play all kinds of ball games

C.than the world famous Broadway

D.enjoy the colorful night life of the city

E.where the wealthy people would go shopping

F.for what seems to be a very small sum today

查看材料

A.do whatever they like for relaxation

B.where you can play all kinds of ball games

C.than the world famous Broadway

D.enjoy the colorful night life of the city

E.where the wealthy people would go shopping

F.for what seems to be a very small sum today

Paragraph 6 __________ 查看材料

A.The financial center of USA

B.The night life in New York

C.The traffic facilities of New York

D.Shopping center for the rich

E.New York —— An international city

F.Central Park —— A place of recreation for the New Yorkers

Paragraph 5 __________ 查看材料

A.The financial center of USA

B.The night life in New York

C.The traffic facilities of New York

D.Shopping center for the rich

E.New York —— An international city

F.Central Park —— A place of recreation for the New Yorkers

Paragraph 4 __________ 查看材料

A.The financial center of USA

B.The night life in New York

C.The traffic facilities of New York

D.Shopping center for the rich

E.New York —— An international city

F.Central Park —— A place of recreation for the New Yorkers