What did the patient do on that particular night？ 查看

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Surprised by a Miracle

I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a "coma" （昏迷） patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. "Following commands" is what we call it. Often it"s "wishful thinking" on the families" part. Nurses can easily become callous （麻木不仁 ） to it.

On this particular night during visiting hours， my patient"s wife came in. I had taken care of him for several nights I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually， he didn"t do anything. He barely moved at all， even when something would obviously hurt him， such as suctioning （抽吸） .

His wife was very short， about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him， so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool I spoke to her for a few minutes，and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later， she came running out of the room. In an excited voice， she said， "Donna， he"s moving his hand!"

I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination， and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said， "1 asked him to squeeze my hand and he did!"

This led me to another train of questioning. "But， did he let go when you asked him to?" She said yes， that he had done exactly what she asked

I went into the room with her， not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify （抚慰） her than to make her think that I didn"t believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.

She asked him to squeeze her hand， which he did.

I said， "Well， ask him to let go." He continued to squeeze for a moment， so that when he finally did let go， I really still didn"t believe that he had done it on purpose，So， I said， "Ask him to hold up one finger." He did as asked.

Well， this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him， his face still somewhat swollen （肿胀的 ） and his eyes still closed. "Stick out your tongue!" I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor.

It was the first time I had ever seen anyone "wake up."

The first paragraph indicates that more often than not a coma patient__________. 查看材料

A.is found to be following commands

B.is callous to nurses" commands

C.is used to following commands

D.is thought to be following commands

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Living Standards

The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993， the average American had an income of about $25，000. In the same year， the average Mexican earned $7，000， and the average Nigerian earned $1，500. Not surprisingly， this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States， incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year （after adjusting for changes in the cost of living）. At this rate， average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries， economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan， for instance， average income has doubled in the past 20 years， and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.

What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries" productivity—— that is， the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker"s time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time， most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive， most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly， the growth rate of a nation"s productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.

The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple， but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards， other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example， people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.

The relationship between productivity and .living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards， the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards，policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated， have the tools needed to produce goods and services， and have access to the best available technology.

Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history? 查看材料

A.Mexico.

B.The United States.

C.Japan.

D.South Korea.

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U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January

A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100，000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January， U. S. health officials said on Friday.

Officials from the U. S. government"s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study， to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States， can help identify early-life influences that affect later development， with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.

The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.

Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air， water， dust and materials used to construct their residences， the NIH said.

Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.

"We anticipate that in the long term， what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation"s health care costs，" Dr. Duane Alexander， who heads the NIH"s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development， told reporters.

The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.

Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth， which has become more common in recent years， according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH， who heads the study.

The people taking part will be from rural， urban and suburban areas， from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups， the NIH said.

The aim of the study is to find new ways to __________. 查看材料

A.conduct research

B.track public health

C.prevent or treat illness

D.speed up development

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Breaking the News about Your Diagnosis

（1） When I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago， I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time， however， I developed some pointers （ 点子 ）， which I hope will help others.

（2） During the first few weeks of emotional "aftershocks" （余悸） from the diagnosis， I found myself unable to utter the word "cancer". Still， I wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that I"d had a biopsy （活检） and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call. I did the best 1 could， which is all anyone can do in this situation. When I called them， I said， "What we feared has happened." They immediately knew what I meant.

（3） Nearly a year after my diagnosis， I find myself more comfortable telling people "I was diagnosed with cancer" instead of saying "I have cancer." On some deep level， I don"t want to "own" this illness. Choose language that suits you when you share your news. And keep in mind that there is no one "right" way of doing this.

（4） Most people， after hearing your announcement， will be curious about the next step. They may wonder if you will be undergoing radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy（化疗）. They may wonder where and when you will have surgery. Answer their questions as best you can， but keep in mind that "I don"t know right now" or "I"m still in too much shock to think about that" are good answers.

（5） Wait until the initial wave of strong emotions has passed before telling the children in your life. Don"t overwhelm （使不知所措） very young children with too much information. Assure them that， even if you will be in the hospital for a while， they will see you every day and they will be cared for. Older children may already fear the word "cancer"， so be prepared to reassure them. Emphasize the positive steps that doctors will be taking to treat your illness.

Paragraph 2__________. 查看材料

A.Break the news as calmly as possible to children

B.Break the news at your own pace

C.Share the good news with your friends

D.Choose language that suits you

E.Follow your doctor"s advice

F.Be prepared for people"s curiosity

It seems unavoidable for him to divorce with his wife.

A.available

B.inevitable

C.consistent

D.critical

I can no longer tolerate his impolite behaviors in the party.

A.put up with

B.live up to

C.look up to

D.stand up for

The energy companies launched urgent studies of the Arctic environment.

A.made

B.stressed

C.moved

D.started

You didn‘t adhere to these principles.

A.order

B.follow

C.prove

D.handle

The fiver widens considerably as it begins to tum east.

A.extends

B.stretches

C.broadens

D.traverses

_____________ 查看材料

A.as

B.except

C.like

D.despite