请在第__（47）__处填上正确答案。 查看材料A.In her experime

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Why Would They Falsely Confess?

Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it justdoesn&39;t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what could happen in a police interrogation(审讯) room. Under the right conditions, people&39;s minds are susceptible ( 易受影响的 ) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grilling ( 盘问 ) is enormous.

46"The pressure is important to understand because otherwise it&39;s impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn&39;t do. The answer is to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn&39;t do.47The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.

Redlich&39;s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed.48Of the 15 to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12 to 13-year-olds.

"There&39;s no question that young people are more at risk, " says Saul Kassin, Professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results.49A psychology Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed.

Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation.50

请在第__（46）__处填上正确答案。 查看材料

A.In her experiment participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "Alt" key， because doing so would crash the systems.

B.In some ways，" says Kassin， " false confession becomes a rational decision."

C."It"s a little like somebody"s working on them with a dental （ 牙齿的 ） drill， " says Franklin Zimring， a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."

E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn"t do?

F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant， the more likely a false confession.

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Internet-based Instruction

By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form. of distance learning ( DL ) , and among the larger schools, it&39;s closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven&39;t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90 000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.

While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi ( 课程大纲) , reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.

The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there&39;s the convenience promised by courses on the Net : you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣 ) . But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While drop-out rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good

as the classroom course.

Clearly, from the schools&39; perspective, there&39;s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded ( 升级) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don&39;t come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there&39;s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won&39;t be paid any more, and might well be paid less.

What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?

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A.All its courses are offered online

B.Its online courses are of the best quality

C.It boasts the largest number of students on campus

D.Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree

What can you infer from the passage? 查看材料

A.The experiments show that salt ingestion does not necessarily cause animals to develop hypertension bypretension with the environmental factors being equal.

B.Dietary salt is harmful to human being"s health.

C.Human beings" high blood pressure will never be easily put under control.

D.In order not to develop hypertension， man should consume chemically pure salt.

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A.Scientists engaged in the experiments

B.Investigations made by people

C.The resistant strain and the sensitive strain

D.The availability of the two strains

查看材料

A.quantities of salt consumed

B.choice of mating partner

C.blood pressure

D.reaction to salt

查看材料

A.Shared environmental factors can cause hypertension

B.Dietary salt can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals

C.Some rats not some individuals do not develop high blood pressure by consuming large amounts of salt

D.High blood pressure can be developed as a result of too much consumption of dietary salt

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High Blood Pressure

There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is，in part，a familial disease．Since families have similar genes as well as similar environment，familial diseases could be due to shared genetic influences，to shared environmental factors，or to both．For some years，the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families，namely dietary salt，has been studied at Brook—haven National Laboratory．These studies suggest that chronic excess salt ingestion(摄取)can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals．Some individuals，however，and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure．No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments，some salt-fed animals never develop hypertension(高血压)whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertensions followed by early death．These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution．

By mating in successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion，a resistant strain(the R strain)has been evolved in which consumPtion of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly．In contrast，by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt，a sensitive strain(the S strain)has also been developed．

The availability of these two strains permits investigations not therefore possible．They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human developing methods by which genetic susceptibility(敏感性)of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance．

The main idea of this passage is__________． 查看材料

A.Genetic constitution，or hereditary factor is all important factor that may underlie hypertension

B.Excessive use of salt may cause high blood pressure

C.Shared environmental factors may lead to familial disease

D.There are two different kinds of strains in animals which cause their different reactions to excess salt ingestion

Rich countries intend to__________． 查看材料

A.offer poorer countries trade privileges

B.take away file trade privileges they have given poorer countries

C.clamp down counterfeiting in poorer countries

D.threaten the counterfeiting gangs in Philippines

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A.more jobs have to be created there for local people

B.rich countries resort to both persuasion and threats

C.the World Trade Organization was set up

D.the Uruguay round of world trade talks was held in l994

查看材料

A.critical

B.contradictory

C.positive

D.negative