Section D听力原文： Effective reading requires not ...

Section D

听力原文： Effective reading requires not only "reading between the lines," but also "writing between the lines. "

There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is to pay for it. But the act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership won't come unless you have absorbed the ideas to do you any good.

There are 3 kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers—unread and untouched. The second has a great many books, all of which as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. The third, however, has a collection of books that are all dog-eared and dilapidated.

Marking up a book is indispensable to reading. First, it keeps you awake. Second, active reading is thinking, which expresses itself in words. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had or the thoughts the author expressed.

Light fictions like Gone with the Wind do not require active reading. They can be read in a state of relaxation. But great books cannot be read while you're asleep.

There are a number of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. For example, underlining, vertical lines at the margin, stars or asterisks at the margin, numbers in the margin, numbers of other pages in the margin and circling of key words or phrases.

Effective reading requires not only "reading between the lines," but also "writing between the lines. "

There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is to【21】for it. But the act of purchase is only the【22】to possession. Full【23】won't come unless you have absorbed the ideas to do you any good.

There are kinds of book owners. The first has all the【24】sets and best-sellers—unread and【25】. The second has a great many books, all of which as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. The third, however, has a collection of books that are all dog-eared and dilapidated.

Marking up a book is【26】to reading. First, it keeps you awake. Second, active reading is【27】, which expresses itself in words. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had or the thoughts the author expressed.

Light fictions like Gone with the Wind do not require active reading. They can be read in a state of【28】. But great books cannot be read while you're asleep.

There are a number of devices for marking a book intelligently and【29】For example,【30】, vertical lines at the margin, stars or asterisks at the margin, numbers in the margin, numbers of other pages in the margin and circling of key words or phrases.

(21)

Section D

听力原文： In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more (21) productive. Some experts (22) claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is (23) evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not (24) actually make it harder. As far as increasing productivity is (25) concerned, variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no (26) doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated (27) machinery which must be used in a fixed way.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But (28) perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar (29) argument may explain demands for shorter hours. Perhaps if we (30) succeed in making their jobs more interesting, neither more money, nor shorter working hours will be so important to them.

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more【21】. Some experts【22】the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is【23】to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not【24】make it harder. As far as increasing productivity is【25】, variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no【26】that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated【27】which must be used in a fixed way.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But【28】they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar【29】may explain demands for shorter hours. Perhaps if we【30】in making their jobs more interesting, neither more money, nor shorter working hours will be so important to them.

(21)

Section D

听力原文： Broadly speaking, there are two types of paintings: representational and abstract. The former portrays specific, recognizable physical objects.

For most of history, the primary purpose of painting had been to portray images. Starting with the Post-Impressionists, however, the emphasis began to shift to unconscious feeling.

There are two types of abstract paintings. "Abstracted" paintings may not look realistic, but you can get an idea of what you are looking at. "Pure" abstract paintings are just shapes, colors, lines, patterns, and so on.

In truth, there is a lot more to abstract art than what meets the eye. To truly appreciate a work of art, you need to understand there must be context involved and a particular environment created. More importantly, art allows us indirect access to our inner psyche. Great art affords a way to get in touch with the unconscious part of our existence, even if we don't realize what we are doing.

The reason abstract art has the potential to be so powerful is that it keeps the conscious distractions to a minimum. This, of course, only works if you cooperate with the artist. If you are to truly appreciate a work of art, you must be willing to let yourself go, to put yourself in the hands of the artist, so to speak, and let him take you wherever he wants.

Broadly speaking, there are two types of paintings :【21】and abstract. The former portrays specific, recognizable physical objects.

For most of history, the primary purpose of painting had been to portray images. Starting with the Post-Impressionists, however, the【22】began to shift to unconscious feeling.

There are two types of abstract paintings. "【23】" paintings may not look realistic, but you can get an idea of what you are looking at. "【24】" abstract paintings are just shapes, colors, lines, patterns ,, and so on.

In truth, there is a lot more to abstract art than what meets the eye. To truly appreciate a work of art, you need to understand there must be【25】involved and a particular【26】created. More importantly, art allows us indirect access to our inner【27】. Great art affords a way to get in touch with the unconscious part of our【28】, even if we don't realize what we are doing.

The reason abstract art has the【29】to be so powerful is that i: keeps the conscious distractions to a minimum. This, of course, only works if you【30】with the artist. If you are to truly appreciate a work of art, you must be willing to let yourself go, to put yourself in the hands of the artist, so to speak, and let him take you wherever he wants.

(21)

听力原文： Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that ones muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way as we listen to music with our bodies. You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but also with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or more specifically, some parts of their body. Often when one listens to a concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job. Strange as this behaviour may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself to the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body. The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less noticeable. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. According to the passage, what do some psychologists maintain about thinking? 20. Why do people move their body while listening to familiar music? 21. What is the passage mainly about?19．

A．To exercise their muscles.

B．To show that they understand the music.

C．To fully enjoy the music.

D．To experience the feeling of being a conductor.

听力原文： Can you image ice that does not melt and is not wet？ Have you ever heard of dry ice？ Dry ice is made by freezing a gas. It is quite different from ordinary ice which is simply frozen water. Dry ice was first manufactured in 1925. It has since fulfilled the hopes of its adventure. It can be used for making artificial fog in the movies. When steam is passed over dry ice, a very dense vapor rise. It can also be used for destroying insects in grain supplies. It is more practical than ordinary ice because it takes up less space and it's 142c colder. Since it turns into steam instead of melting into water, it is cleaner to use. For these masons, it is extremely popular, and many people prefer it to ordinary ice. Dry ice is so cold that ff you touch it with you bare fingers, it will burn you.

(26)

A．Chemicals.

B．Water.

C．Gas.

D．Vapor.

听力原文：M: It's such a beautiful day. Why not sit out in the backyard for a while and enjoy it?

W: I'd love to. But there's a lot of laundry to do.

Q: What will the woman probably do?

(4)

A．Do her homework.

B．Clean the backyard.

C．Wash clothes.

D．Enjoy the beautiful day

Effective distance education administers are not only idea people.

听力原文： Most economic forecasts are wrong. And governments usually fail when they try to fine-tune the economics in the short term. That's not surprising, argues Paul Ormerod in his book Butterfly Economics, because few underlying economic theories and models come anywhere near real life. Ormerod, an economist and director of the London Think Tank, has dumped on the blinkered world of mainstream economic thought before, in his book, The Death of Economics. This time, he argues that his colleagues with the dismal science should instead view "society as a living creature, which adapts and learns."

Ormerod calls his approach butterfly economics, in part to stress its link to biology. But it also reflects a principle advanced by chaos theorists that the fluttering of a butterfly's wings can set off a tornado in another part of the globe. Modem economics, he says, are "complex systems which hover on the brink of chaos." But Ormerod could just as easily have titled it Ant Model Economics, because his theories derive from entomologists' experiments with ants in the mid-1980s. Two equal-sized food sources were set equidistant from an ant's nest. How did the colony divide itself between the sources？ As it turned out, the proportion of ants visiting one site or the other changed constantly. Sometimes changes were small. Other times, shifts were dramatic and swift. None was predictable. Why？ Basically, a foraging ant has three choices: returning to the food source it successfully visited before; being persuaded by other ants, via a scent, to try the other pile; or turning to the humans. People can stick with a previous decision, change their minds on their own accord, or be persuaded by the actions of others.

That people are often influenced by others, the author says, goes a long way toward explaining why some inferior technologies squeeze out superior ones, like VHS videocassette recorders upstaging Betamax VCRS, or why traders continue to buy currencies they know to be overvalued. Popularity breeds popularity. This may all seem obvious. But for economists, it's a revelation. Standard economic theories nearly always assume that people's behavior. and tastes never change -- which helps explain why most theories can't pass a reality check. In real life, chaos -- in the form. of human decision making -- reigns.

The ant model shows that accurate short-term predictions of ant behavior. are impossible. But in long term, there is a pattern to the ants' randomness. And, Ormerod says, so it is with economics, too. Short-term governmental forecasts usually miss the mark. And the abilities of politicians to alter the cycles of business are" largely illusory," he insists. But in the long term, there is some structure. The business cycle, with all its constant ebbing and flowing, may be uncontrollable and defiant of near-term forecasts. But despite its fluctuations, capitalist economies have grown slowly and steadily over time. That means, he says, that policymakers should adopt a less-is-more approach. "The role of governments should be confined to trying to mitigate the consequences of a cycle rather than trying to eliminate it."

Ormerod's effort to persuade orthodox economists to take human behavior. into account more often -- regardless of its unpredictability -- is a worthy goal. Still, it's a bit dispiriting that his foraging ants, like Pavlvov's salivating dogs, depict our behavior. so accurately.

Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150-200 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only once and then you will have 25 minutes to finish your summary. This part of the test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary.

听力原文： Doing business in another country can be extremely tricky. Here we just want to remind you of some issues to consider when you conduct business abroad.

The first issue is the importance of packaging. Numerous problems result from the failure to adapt packaging for other countries. Sometimes, the color of packaging may mean quite a lot. For instance, white symbolizes death in Japan and much of Asia; green represents danger or disease hi Malaysia. Obviously, using the wrong color hi these countries might produce negative reactions.

Language barrier is the second problem. Some product names travel poorly. For instance, the gasoline company Esso found out that the name means "stalled car" in Japan. However, some company names have traveled well. Kodak may be the most famous example. The name was pronounceable everywhere and had no specific meaning anywhere.

Next come the problems with promotions. In its US promotion, one company had effectively used this sentence: "You can use no finer napkin at your dinner table." The US company decided to use the same commercials in England. To the British, however, the word napkin or nappy actually means "diaper". The ad could hardly be expected to boost sales of dinner napkins in England.

Local customs may also pose a problem. Social norms vary greatly from country to country, so local input is vital. For example, one firm promoted eyeglasses in Thailand with commercials featuring animals wearing glasses. However, in Thailand these animals are considered a low form. of life; humans would never wear anything worn by an animal.

Problems may also result from translation. The best translations of an advertising message convey the concept of the original but do not precisely duplicate the original. Pepsi Co. learned this lesson when it reportedly discovered that its slogan "Come alive with Pepsi" was translated into German as "Come alive out of the grave with Pepsi".

Therefore, there is always the need for research. Proper market research may reduce or eliminate most international business blunders. Good research may even uncover potential translation problems.

Doing business in other cultures can be risky if you're unprepared. However, awareness of differences, and concern for host-country feelings can reduce problems and save money.

? Look at the notes about how to avoid blunders in doing business overseas.

? Some information is missing.

? You will hear part of a presentation by the company's overseas area manager.

? For each question 16-22, fall in the missing information in the numbered space using one or two words.

? You will hear the presentation twice.

How to Avoid Blunders

To avoid blunders, you must

Adapt (16) ______ for other countries

Avoid names of (17) ______

Conduct right (18) ______

Respect (19) ______

Convey (20) ______ of the original

Do (21) ______

Be aware of (22) ______

(16)

Task 3

Directions: The following is an announcement. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No.46 to No.50). You should write your answers briefly (in no more than three words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.

We welcome you aboard the Eastern Flight and will do our best to make your trip comfortable and enjoyable.

For your safety and convenience

To begin the trip, we would like to draw your attention to some safety-related details. These are also explained on the instruction card in the seat pocket in front of you. Seat belts must remain fastened while the “Fasten seatbelts” sign is on. It is advisable to keep them fastened at all times while seated. All flights are non-smoking. The use of mobile telephones is now allowed when the airplane is on the ground. During the flight the use of CD and DVD players is not allowed.

For your entertainment

To help you enjoy your trip, we provide a range of newspapers. On our MD-11 and Boeing aircraft, we provide music and video programs. On Airbus A 321/320/319, short videos are shown.

Meals and drinks

During most flights we serve you a tasty meal and drinks. Beer, wine and other drinks are served free of charge. Coffee, tea and juice are served free of charge on all domestic (国内的) flights. On domestic flights leaving before nine and on all flights to Northern China, a snack is served.

Eastern Flight Service

Safety and convenience

1) Seat belts: remain - 46 - while the “Fasten seatbelts” sign is on

2) Smoking: not allowed on board

3) Mobile phones: used only when the airplane is - 47 -

4) CD and DVD: not allowed to play - 48 -

Entertainment provided

1) newspapers

2) music and - 49 - on MD-11 and Boeing aircraft

Meals and drinks on board

1) meals served on most flights

2) coffee, tea and juice served free of charge

3) a snack served on all flights to - 50 -

46 _____