The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An est

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style. without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is file socially accepted thing to do.

A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because

A．personal health choices help cure most illnesses.

B．it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge.

C．it is essential to personal freedom in American society.

D．wrong decisions could lead to poor health.

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illness may be【B1】if individuals would make sound personal health choice【B2】upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it【B3】when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our personal decisions that may【B4】our health. If we【B5】desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat【B6】foods we want, and live a【B7】sedentary(久坐的) life style. without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is the fundamental【B8】of our society,【B9】the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to【B10】often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be【B11】by friends into believing it is a socially【B12】thing to do.

A【B13】of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is【B14】the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any【B15】individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is【B16】one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. Experts suggest that to knowingly give【B17】over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of【B18】life is similar to attempting suicide.【B19】, personal health choices should【B20】those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

【B1】

A．stopped

B．prevented

C．infected

D．cured

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structrue of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, We can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style. without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.

A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because ______ .

A．personal health choices help cure most illnesses

B．it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C．it is essential to personal freedom in American society

D．wrong decisions could lead to poor health

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illness may be (1)_____ if individuals would make sound personal health choices (2)_____ upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do nor like to see it (3)_____ when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our personal decisions that may (4)_____ our health. If we (5)_____ desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat (6)_____ foods we want, and lives (7)_____ sedentary life-style. without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is the fundamental (8)_____ of our society, (9)_____ the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to (10)_____ often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be (11)_____ by friends into believing it is a socially (12)_____ thing to do. A (13)_____ of actors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is (14)_____ the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any (15)_____ individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is (16)_____ one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. Experts suggest that to knowingly give (17)_____ over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of (18)_____ life is similar to attempting suicide. (19)_____, personal health choices should (20)_____ those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

A．stopped

B．preventable

C．immunized

D．cured

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.

We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.[ZZ)]The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat　belts,eat whatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentary life-style. without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of healthrelated behaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is usually one of personal choices.

There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the moral of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.[ZZ(Z]They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.[ZZ)]Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because____.

A.personal health choices help cure most illnesses B.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C.it is essential to personal freedom in American society D.wrong decisions could head to poor health 

37. To “live a completely sedentary lifestyle”(Para. 1) in the passage means____.”

A.to live an inactive life                    B.to live a decent life                                                       

     C.to live a life with complete freedom D.to live a life of vice 

38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because____.

A.current medical knowledge is still insufficient

B.there are many factors influencing our decisions

C.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevity

D.people are usually influenced by the behavior. of their friends 

39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to____.

A.improving the quality of one's life

B.limiting one's personal health choice

C.deliberately ending one's life

D.breaking the rules of social behavior. 

40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on____.

A.personal decisions        B.laws of society

C.statistical evidence           D.opinions of friends 

Passage Two Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illness may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style. without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.

A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to dicuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behaviour is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the moral of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

The study of the human behaviors involves inquiry into the content, form, varieties, and significance of human experience. We may better understand this type of inquiry if we compare it to the inquiry of the natural scientist, which studies the objective world. We attribute values of many sorts to things, people, and happenings. All of this helps to shape our choice of life and world.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

第57题：According to the passage, what is the author’s attitude towards personal choices relative to health in America ?

A) Personal choices relative to health will help people prevent an estimated 90 percent of all illness.

B) Personal choices relative to health is very important, which people usually ignore.

C) People do not like to see personal choices relative to health restricted.

D) People should have wisdom in making personal choices relative to health .

Task 2

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We ail enjoy our freedom of choice and don't like to see it restricted. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we eau smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary lifestyle. without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.

A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggested that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality (活力) and longevity (寿命).

The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because______.

A．personal health choices help cure most illnesses

B．it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C．it is essential to personal freedom in American society

D．wrong decisions could lead to poor health

Task 2

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and don't like to see it restricted. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we eau smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary lifestyle. without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.

A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggested that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality(活力) and longevity(寿命).

The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because______.

A．personal health choices help cure most illnesses

B．it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C．it is essential to personal freedom in American society

D．wrong decisions could lead to poor health

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.

We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.[ZZ)]The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat　belts,eat whatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentary life-style. without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of healthrelated behaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is usually one of personal choices.

There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the moral of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.[ZZ(Z]They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.[ZZ)]Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because____.

A.personal health choices help cure most illnesses B.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C.it is essential to personal freedom in American society D.wrong decisions could head to poor health 

37. To “live a completely sedentary lifestyle”(Para. 1) in the passage means____.”

A.to live an inactive life????????????????????B.to live a decent life???????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????C.to live a life with complete freedom D.to live a life of vice 

38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because____.

A.current medical knowledge is still insufficient

B.there are many factors influencing our decisions

C.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevity

D.people are usually influenced by the behavior. of their friends 

39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to____.

A.improving the quality of one's life

B.limiting one's personal health choice

C.deliberately ending one's life

D.breaking the rules of social behavior. 

40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on____.

A.personal decisions????????B.laws of society

C.statistical evidence???????????D.opinions of friends 