The government is hopelessly divided and is unlikely to () the next election. 

you protect a child form. a large fast-food ad painted on her school locker(小柜)? Or a toy ad on the side of his school bus?

As school budgets get smaller, a growing number of schools in the US are selling advertising space on lockers and buses and in gyms and cafeterias. It is an easy way for schools to make money. And ads may provides relief for parents exhausted by making each donations to support schools.

While parents can always turn off the television or the computer, they can’t keep advertising out of schools. This isn’t the first time the issue has come up. For example, a news program for teens has been criticized for including ads in its 12-month classroom broadcasts.

Parents groups successfully fought a plan by a company called Bus Radio to put music and ads into school buses.

But now things are different. Just last month, Los Angeles approved a plan to allow companies to advertise in the district’s schools. Officials say the plan could provide as much as $ 18 million for the school.

In St. Francis, Minn, school recently agreed to cover 10% to 15% of their lockers with ads. Edward Saxton, a teacher in the school, say, “So far, parents are accepting this as a way to bring in needed money. The money pays for programs like arts, sports, and music. Parents don’t like to see programs getting cut. Neither do I.. Besides, schools are thinking about the effects on kids all the time.”

However, Susan Linn, an educational experts, says, “Kids have already seen enough ads on TV, in magazines and on products they use daily. School is no place for advertisements at all.”

Reader, what about you? Would you rather help run yet another school fundraiser, or expose your child to ads on lockers and buses? Is keeping ads out of schools worth raising taxes, or increasing your own cash support for schools through donations?

47. Why do schools allow ads into schools?

A. To reduce parents’ burdens.

B. To solve their finanical problems.

C. To offer kids a wide choice of goods.

D. To improve their students’ living conditions.

48. Edward Saxon thinks that _____.

A. schools choose ads carefully

B. ads in schools should not be too much

C. shcools should be a place free from ads

D. in-schools do no harm to young kids.

49. What is this passage mainly about?

A. The negative efect of ads on kids.

B. Efforts to stop in-school advertising.

C. Whether ads should be allowed in schools.

D. Whether Parents should run fundraisers for schools.

50. Who are intended readers of the text?

A. Parents B. Teachers C. Educators D. Businessmen

omething quite alarming about bats, something that holds back empathy. Bats aren’t actually,“flying rodents(啮齿动物),” but you likely won’t see them on the next endangered species poster.But bats in the U.S. are in serious trouble, thanks largely to a catastrophic disease called white-nose syndrome (WNS), which has killed at least one million bats, mostly in the northeast, and death rates among some affected winter colonies can be as high as 70%. One species—the little brown bat or Myotis lucifugus—has declined so quickly that it is headed for extinction. And the disease keeps spreading, with wildlife experts helpless to stop it—after starting in upstate New York in 2006, the disease was just confirmed as far west as Ohio yesterday.You might say: so what? Other than people who study bats—would anyone miss them when they’re gone? As it turns out, all of us would—at least if you like food. A new article in Science shows that bats have an important role to play in agriculture—one worth at least $3.7 billion a year, if not far more. That’s how much the extinction of bats throughout North America could cost the region’s food system, according to an analysis by a group of researchers led by Justin Boyles of the University of Pretoria in South Africa. The logic is simple: bats eat bugs—tons and tons of bugs—and that includes crop and forests pests. (A single colony of 150 brown bats in Indianan has been estimated to eat nearly 1.3 million pest insects a year.) Remove the bats, and you remove one of nature’s most effective biological pesticides—which would have to be replaced by actual pesticides, at an economic and environmental expense.

It’s not just WNS that is striking down bats. Wind turbines(涡轮机)are apparently killing migratory(迁徙的)bats as well—by 2020, an estimated 33,000 to 111,000 bats are predicted to be killed by turbines in the mid-Atlantic Highlands alone. The authors in the Science paper worry that as wind power develop fast in the U.S., more bats will end up killed by the blades. But WNS seems like the more immediate threat. But it’s still a mystery how WNS spread, and how to stop it—those the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, among other government agencies, is on the case. We may not like bats—but we definitely need them.

43. What is the author’s opinion about bats?

A. Indifference

B. Frightened

C. Worried

D. Grateful

44. Which of the following statements is true about WNS?

A. It speads quickly

B. It can be controlled.

C. It was first discovered in Ohio.

D. It is more serious in the Northwest.

45. From Justin Boyles’ study we can learn that _____.

A. bats often eat insects killed pesticides

B. bats in North America are short of food

C. some species of bats harm crop plants

D. losing bats means huge economic cost

46. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?

A. To show his opinion of bats.

B. To show how impotant bats are in agriculture.

C. To tell us a rare animal.

D. To report a new science discovery.

but I thought I hated her.In her first class, she asked us to write a piece about an influencial person, place or memory. I chose to write my lake house, a topic I had already written about and received a vast amount of praise for. Put simply, it was the place that my parents met and fell in love.This teacher knew about my original piece and she was not happy. Throught the school year,we would pass each other in the hall, never saying a word to each other.It was not until February of 2012 that we spoke at the most unusual of places, my father’s funeral. At first, I was angry that she showed up. Did she even care? She didn’t even know him! I stood, watching her give a deep bow to my father’s coffin, completely confused!It was not until she approached me that I realized she was crying even harder than I was.“Kali,” she said, “I am so sorry. My own father passed away just three weeks ago, and I completely feel your pain.” I was shocked. I understood that she had also lost her father, but I didn’t see the connection between us just yet. She had rejected my writing. That was not something that I was willing to so early forgive.A couple of weeks later, she went into my study hall and placed an envelope on my desk.In the letter, she told me her father, also had cancer, also passed away in six months’ time and he was her best friend too. It was not just this letter, but this act of kindness that taught me my,greatest life lesson. Losing has taught us both how to appreciate life. For that lesson, I am always grateful.

39. Why did the author hate Mrs. Geurin at first?

A. Mrs. Geurin said somethig bad about the author’s father.

B. Mrs. Geurin gave the author a hard topic to write about.

C. Mrs. Geurin didn’t appreciate the author’s writing.

D. Mrs. Geurin didn’t like the author’s lake house.

40. Hearing what Mrs. Geurin said at the funeral, the author _____.

A. was grateful to her

B. still didn’t forgive her

C. felt ashamed of herself

D. found they had a lot in common

41. What changed the relationship between Mrs. Geurin and the author?

A. Her apology to the author.

B. Her visit to the lake house.

C. Both losing a good friend

D. A similar sad experience

42. What’s best title for the text?

A. My first teacher

B. My beloved father

C. Seeking common ground

D. Breaking down the emotional barrier

verybody is free to enjoy the benefits of these commodities, and one person’s utilization(利用)does not reduce the possibilities of anybody else’s enjoying the same good.Examples of public goods are not as rare as one might expect. A flood control dam is a public good. Once the dam is built, all persons living in the area will benefit--regardless of their own contribution to the construction cost of the dam. The same holds true for highway signs or aids to navigation. Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively excluded from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes. National defense is another example. Even a person who voted against military expenditures or did not pay any taxes will benefit from the protection afforded.It is no easy task to determine the social costs and social benefits associated with a public good. There is no practicable way of charging drivers for looking at highway signs, sailors for watching a lighthouse, and citizens for the security provided to them through national defense.Because the market does not provide the necessary signals, economic analysis has to be substituted(代替) for the impersonal judgement of the marketplace.

31. With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?

A. Mechanisms for safer navigation.

B. The economic structure of the marketplace.

C. A specific group of commodities.

D.The advantage of lowering taxes.

32. Which of the following would NOT be an example of a public good as described in the passage?

A.taxi.

B. A bridge.

C. A fire truck.

D. A stoplight.

33. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “holds”?

A. has

B. is

C. grasps

D. carries

34. According to the passage, finding out the social costs of a public good is a ________.

A. difficult procedure

B. daily duty

C. matter of personal judgement

D. citizen’s responsibility

pletely, 21 stress can be mannaged in healthy ways.One way to manage stress is to BUILD your 22 resistence. Building resistence will increase your ability to deal with stress, and it will 23 the effect of stress on your life.One way to strenghen your mental resistence is to 24 you are in another place.Some people call this “taking a menatl holiday”.A man named Tobias lives in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe. As a boy, he spent most of his time on the Prais de Macuri coast in Beira, Mozambique. Now, he works many long hours ats office and his job is 25 .Tobias reduced his stress by remembering the fun he had as a boy. He thinks of the blue water and the waves rolling onto the sand. This mental 26 helps Tobias calm his mind.Another way to manage stress in your life is to CHANGE___ change the way you feel about a stressful situation.Carmelita lives in Mexico City, Mexico. Traffic problems are very 27 there.Carmelita finds this very stressful. She gets very angry when she sits in traffic. Carmelita changes the way she feels by using that time in a new way. Carmelita loves stories. So, she 28 listening to recorded books in her car. By doing something she enjoys, traffic delay will no longer be a stressful situation for her. 29 , it can be a chance for her to listen to her favorite recorded books.You can never 30 all the stress and pressure of life. But stress management can help you reduce stress in healthy ways.

21. A. or B. for C. and D. but

22. A. physical B. mental C. spiritual D. emotional

23. A. slow B. stop C. reduce D. overcome

24. A. forget B. imagine C. show D. say

25. A. steady B. unusual C. excellent D. stressful

26. A. journey B. test C. memory D. description

27. A. common B. harmful C. strange D. different

28. A. suggests B. starts C. continues D. avoids

29. A. Anyhow B. Therefore C. Instead D. Otherwise

30. A. reject B. improve C. meet D. remove

A. calm B. half C. salt D. behalf

A. procedure B. solider C. shortage D. fragrant

They found if hard to master a foreign language.

Traditionally, Chinese youths live with their parents until they grow up and marry.

The story sounds very interesting, but it is not true.