Task 1Directions: After reading the following pass...

Task 1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.

Millions of people pass through the gates of Disney's (迪斯尼的) entertainment parks in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these places so attractive? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disne

The first day they come to Disney parks, all new employees ______.

A．begin by receiving on-the-job training

B．must learn several different jobs

C．work as ticket takers at the gate

D．have already attended Disney University

Task 1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.

Millions of people pass through the gates of Disney's(迪斯尼的) entertainment parks in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these places so attractive? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney parks? Well, one reason is the way they are treated once they get there. The people at Disney go out of their way to serve their "guests", as they prefer to call them, and to see that they enjoy themselves.

All new employees, from vice(副) presidents to part-time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking "traditions I". Here, they learn about the company's history, how it is managed, and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how their part is important in making the park a success.

After passing "Traditions I", the employees go on to more specialized(专门的) training for their specific jobs. No detail is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires four eight-hour days of training.

Even Disney's managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hot dogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail(单轨车), and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the entertainment park come alive. The managers agree that this work helps them to see the company's goals more clearly.

The first day they come to Disney parks, all new employees ______.

A．begin by receiving on-the-job training

B．must learn several different jobs

C．work as ticket takers at the gate

D．have already attended Disney University

Task 1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.

In many countries, such as France, Greece, and Japan, it is often more difficult for students to pass the college entrance exams than to do the course work when they are actually in college, and students who don't have much money are at a disadvantage. Students prepare for these tests for years in advance. Often，stu-dents attend a private school at night to get ready for them. These private schools are usually expensive. If their families don't have much money, students can't attend, and they might not pass the entrance exams without this extra preparation.

In contrast, students can easily get into an American or Canadian college at least more easily than in other countries. American students take an entrance exam called the S.A.T. (the Scholastic Aptitude Test (学习能力测试)). However, colleges do not consider only S. A. T. Scores. They also consider a student's grades and activities throughout high school. A student who has done well in high school will probably get into college.

What happens when a student finally enters a college or university? Students in China, Korea, or Japan might find their college studies easier than high school work. On the other hand, when American or Canadian students begin college, many of them discover that they need to work very hard and study seriously for the first time in their lives especially if they plan to go to graduate school.

In France and Greece, students find that ______.

A．they have to do extra preparation to pass the entrance exams

B．private schools are inexpensive

C．course work in college is more difficult

D．college entrance exams are more difficult

The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

If you ask a person on the street to name the top predator in the sea, most people would probably say the great white shark. But they would be wrong. A great white shark is a relentless eating machine, superbly designed for its role at the top of the food chain, but the fact is, when a great white shark meets a killer whale, the killer whale has lunch. Not bad for an animal that is neither a whale nor a killer.

The killer whale, known to scientists as orcinus orca, is one of the largest, fastest, and most intelligent predators in the world's oceans. The orca is not technically a whale, but rather the largest member of the dolphin family. The name "orca" has become the preferred name for the animal, because the name "killer whale" perpetuates the myth that orcas are dangerous to humans; in fact, there has never been a recorded incident of an orca attacking a human in the wild. This is not to say, however, that orcas are not dangerous to other marine species. Orcas in the wild have been observed consuming an astonishing variety of marine species, including salmon, tuna, sharks, giant squid, penguins, sea lions, dolphins, and even other whales, which the orcas hold under water until they drown. It is thought that the English name "killer whale" came from a mistranslation of the Spanish name asesina de ballenas, or "whale killer."

Despite decades of study, many aspects of the creatures' life cycle and habits remain mysteries. Biologists only recently determined that there are, broadly speaking, three separate types of killer whale: residents, transients, and off shores. The residents live in large pods of up to 40 animals and primarily eat fish; these axe the most social of the killer whale types, with each pod having distinctive songs and complex social interactions. Transients are much quieter animals who roam large distances in groups of two to six while hunting marine mammals such as sea lions and dolphins. It is the transients who earned the orca the reputation of being whale killers. The third type of orca is the offshore variety, which rarely ventures toward coasts. These poorly understood animals travel in large groups, are somewhat smaller than their coastal cousins, and are thought to eat fish, sharks, and squid, but probably not other mammals.

The statement in the first paragraph that the killer whale is "neither a whale nor a killer" has which of the following meanings?

A．The preferred name for the orcinus orca is the orca, a name that does not have the negative connotations of "killer whale."

B．The killer whale is a type of dolphin that is not known to have ever attacked a human in the wild.

C．The orca is actually a more powerful predator than even the great white shark.

D．The killer whale is a type of dolphin that kills other whales by holding them under water until they suffocate.

E．Some believe that the name "killer whale" is an inaccurate translation of a term used by Spanish sailors that means "whale killer."

The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Since the 1970s, a multitude of scientists from the fields of climatology, oceanography, and biology have been warning the governments of the world that unless human societies reduce their emissions of "greenhouse gases"--gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that increase the capacity of the atmosphere to retain heat--world-wide global warming caused by these gases will result in catastrophic consequences for people and the environment. In December 1997, a group of delegates from over 100 nations gathered together in Kyoto, Japan, in order to work out the details of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the most comprehensive international effort to date to combat the rise of greenhouse gas emissions.

The chief goal of the Kyoto Protocol is for industrialized nations to reduce their emissions of green-house gases by 5.2 percent compared to 1990 levels. The gases targeted by the protocol are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs, and PFCs. The protocol contains some provisions for developing nations, but as the per-capita emissions of greenhouse gases from these nations are much lower than those of industrialized nations, the majority of the reductions called for by the protocol come from the European Union (8 percent reduction from 1990 levels), the United States (7 percent reduction), and Japan (6 percent reduction).

Proponents of the Kyoto Protocol maintain that although it is not sufficient by itself to halt global warming, it represents an important first step toward a sustainable global economy. These proponents argue that most of the reductions in green-house gases can be achieved through improvements in efficiency and the use of cleaner fuels. While they concede that the provisions of the protocol may slow economic growth in affected nations, they maintain that the potential economic costs are far outweighed by the benefits of avoiding the ravages of global warming, which they say could include rising sea levels, erratic weather patterns, and long-term reductions in biodiversity.

Critics of the Kyoto Protocol argue that it is unnecessary, unfair, and too costly to implement. It is unnecessary, they maintain, because the scientific community is still divided on the questions of whether global warming is happening and, if it is, whether human activity is the cause. They say it is unfair because the provisions primarily limit the emissions growth of industrialized nations while giving free rein to developing nations such as India, which actually emit more greenhouse gases than many industrialized nations, and that this situation will give the developing nations an economic edge in the global marketplace. Furthermore, they argue, the costs of switching fuels and limiting energy use will severely damage the economy, and the negative effects of this economic depression will outweigh any theoretical gains to be had by delaying global warming.

Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage?

A．It raises a problem, discusses plans to address the problem, and then evaluates the merits of those plans.

B．It highlights a potential threat to the environment, discusses an international effort to alleviate this threat, and suggests possible areas for future research.

C．It introduces a proposal, describes it in greater detail, and gives arguments for and against it.

D．It presents an argument, evaluates both sides of the argument, and then comes down on the side with the stronger logical reasoning.

E．It introduces an idea, discusses the controversy that the idea has generated, and finally dismisses the idea.

The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Dear Sirs,

Given all the coverage that the emergence of hybrid cars has received in your pages in recent months, your readers may be interested to learn that gasoline-electric hybrids are not a new phenomenon at all, but rather the latest incarnation of an idea that has been kicking around for over a century. Indeed, the hybrid car has been around almost as long as the automobile itself.

At the turn of the twentieth century, as the automotive age dawned, three power-generating technologies competed for dominance: steam, gasoline, and electricity. In the year 1900, steam was well known as the power source of the industrial revolution, and electricity was widely regarded as the power source of the future, so it was not at all obvious that internal combustion engines burning a fractional distillate of crude petroleum would have any particular edge in this race for the powertrains of America. Indeed, when engineer H. Piper filed the first patent application for a gasoline-electric hybrid motor in 1905, his intention was to use the gas to give a little kick to his perfectly serviceable electric engine. His goal: an engine that could accelerate from 0 to 25 miles per hour in 10 seconds.

Piper achieved his goal. Electric and hybrid-electric engines powered more than 35,000 vehicles sold in 1912. These cars were perfectly adequate for the time, but over the following decade they mostly disappeared from the market, through no fault of their own. The cause of their decline was the spectacular improvements in the cost and performance of gasoline-powered cars. An onslaught of fast and cheap internal combustion cars from Ford, General Motors, and Buick essentially buried the electric and electric-hybrid motors by the 1920s.

Continuing performance improvements in internal combustion engines and inexpensive gas pretty much kept hybrids buried until the oil crises of 1973 and 1979 gave Americans a reason to start thinking about fuel efficiency. Engineers had the motivation to think about fuel-efficient hybrids, but they still lacked the means to make hybrids economically competitive with gas-powered cars, because the performance of gas-electric engines lagged far behind that of gas-powered engines in acceleration, top speed, and cruising range.

Dramatic improvements in electronics and computer technology during the 1990s, however, finally made the hybrid a reality. Advances in battery performance and, most importantly, computer-guided electric power transfer created a car that could drive like a regular car, but do so on half the tank of gas. As another century dawns, perhaps we are entering into a new automotive age.

Based on the tone and content of the passage, the author of the passage is most likely which of the following?

A．An automotive engineer writing to his company management

B．An enthusiast of automotive history writing to the editors of a car magazine

C．A college engineering student writing to a car manufacturer

D．A history professor writing to a television producer of historical documentaries

E．An environmental activist writing to the editors of a newspaper

The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

One of the biggest questions facing the art world today is the dilemma over the repatriation of cultural treasures. Although the subject has not been widely noted by the general public, in recent decades museums and art dealers have repeatedly faced off against the representatives of nations and ethnic groups whose cultural legacies have been robbed by the rapacious collecting of these so-called art experts. Advocates of repatriation have argued that cultural treasures should be returned to their nations of origin, both because of basic fairness and because the artwork and cultural artifacts in question are best understood within their local context.

Several prominent museums, most notably the British Museum in London and the Louvre in Paris, have defended themselves on the grounds that they can better protect and preserve these cultural treasures than can the developing nations and impoverished ethnic groups that frequently seek their return. They further argue that more people can see the treasures if they are proudly displayed in a major museum, as opposed to some poorly funded national museum in a backwater country; evidently, the quantity of viewers is more important than the relevance of the art and artifacts to the viewer.

The arguments of the museum curators fall apart in an instance such as the Elgin Marbles. These majestic marble sculptures, which once graced the Parthenon on the Acropolis in Athens, were stolen by Lord Elgin in the nineteenth century and given to the British Museum, which holds them to this day. The people of Athens have built a beautiful, modern museum on the Acropolis to display the Elgin Marbles and other treasures from the Greek cultural heritage, so there can be no valid argument that the Greeks are unable to house the sculptures properly. Furthermore, more people visit the Acropolis every day than visit the British Museum.

Of the following, the most appropriate title for the passage above would be:

A．The Elgin Marbles: Timeless Symbols of the Glory That Was Greece

B．The Role of Great Museums in the Preservation of Cultural Artifacts

C．Repatriation of Cultural Treasures: The British Museum's Dirty Little Secret

D．The Value of Cultural Treasures in Defining National Identity

E．A Curious Curator: Lord Elgin and the Rise of the British Museum

The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

The complex life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan, the causative agent of malaria, has contributed to the difficulty of devising effective public health measures to combat the disease. It took scientists centuries to deconstruct the basic relationship between protozoan, mosquito vector, and human host. Modern physiologists and epidemiologists are still working out the intricacies of malarial infection.

The disease is transmitted by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with the Plasmodium parasite. Only Anopheles mosquitoes are capable of transmitting the disease, and only females take blood meals from humans. To become infected with Plasmodium, the female mosquito takes a blood meal from a human carrying the parasite in his or her blood. Once ingested, the parasite matures in the mosquito's gut for approximately a week, after which it migrates to the insect's salivary glands. By mixing with the mosquito's saliva, the parasite facilitates its transmission to a human host when the mosquito bites that human.

Once in a human's bloodstream, the parasite travels to the human's liver. At this initial stage, the Plasmodium parasite is called a sporozoite. Within the liver, the sporozoite can form. 30,000 to 40,000 daughter cells, called merozoites, which are released into the host's bloodstream at a later date, sometimes within a week of the initial infection and sometimes as much as several months later. The merozoites seek out and attach themselves to red blood cells, in which they incubate 8 to 24 daughter cells over the next two days. When the daughter cells are mature, the red blood cell ruptures and the new parasites are released into the bloodstream to seek out red blood cells of their own. Some of the new merozoites become male and female gametocytes; if these gametocytes are ingested by a mosquito feeding on the host's blood, they will fertilize in the mosquito's gut to produce new sporozoites, and the cycle will continue.

The symptoms that we associate with malaria--a high, recurring fever; joint pain; a swollen spleen--are caused by toxins released from the red blood cells ruptured by merozoites. The human spleen can destroy these infected blood cells, but the Plasmodium parasite counters this effect by increasing the stickiness of proteins on the blood cells' surfaces so that the cells stick to the walls of blood vessels. If the sticky surface proteins affect a particularly large number of cells, the malaria can trans-form. into a hemorrhagic fever, the most deadly form. of malaria.

A further complicating factor in the natural history of malaria is the many variants of the Plasmodium protozoan. Scientists now recognize that malaria is caused by at least six different species: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowesli, and P. semiovale. Of these species, P. falciparum accounts for the majority of infections and approximately 90 percent of malarial deaths in the world.

The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?

A．Describing the life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan as it relates to the disease malaria

B．Comparing and contrasting the life cycles of the six variants of the Plasmodium protozoan known to cause malaria

C．Addressing the public health implications of the life cycle of the Plasmodium parasite

D．Providing information on how a person can avoid infection with malaria

E．Describing the life cycle of the Anopheles mosquito as it relates to the transmission of the Plasmodium protozoan to humans