In this era, women are increasingly prominent in medicine, law, and business. Their (1) to these fields are stunning. However, why do we (2) have women scientists and engineers? In a research report titled Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), the American Association of University Women (AAUW) presents evidence that helps to explain this (3) . The report points to environmental and social barriers. One of these barriers is people’s deeply (4) stereotypes (模式化观念).
Individuals with a “fixed mindset” believe in fixed intelligence as (5) to flexible intelligence, a view held by individuals with a “growth mindset”. They have too much (6) to be confident when they are faced with challenges. The reason is that they (7) that if they are truly “smart,” things will come easily to them. Individuals with a “growth mindset”, on the other hand, believe that intelligence can be developed. Because of this, they embrace challenges and persist in learning more even when they (8) obstacles, see effort as a path to mastery, learn from criticisms, and be inspired by the success of others. They show a far greater belief in the power of effort to become (9) , and in the face of difficulty, their confidence actually grows.
These research findings are important for girls and women in STEM. When girls and women believe they have fixed intelligence, they are more likely to lose confidence and avoid their (10) in science and engineering when they have difficulty with their course work.
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