The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now th

气污染日益严重，骑自行车又开始流行起来。近来，中国企业家将移动互联网技术与传统自行车结合在一起，发明了一种称为共享单车的商业模式。共享单车的出现使骑车出行更加方便，人们仅需用一部手机就可以随时使用共享单车。为了鼓励人们骑车出行，很多城市修建了自行车道。现在，越来越多的中国人也喜欢通过骑车健身。

博物馆

近年来，中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明显增长。在一些广受欢迎的博物馆门前，排长队已经很常见。这些博物馆必须采取措施限制参观人数。如今，展览形式越来越多样。一些大型博物馆利用媒体和虚拟现实等先进技术，使展览更具吸引力。不少博物馆还举办在线展览，人们可在网上观赏珍稀展品。然而，现场看展品的体验对大多数参观者还是更具吸引力。

如何平衡工作责任和个人兴趣

For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests。 You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。

ur head at a colleague’s agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same pitfalls. The problem is “decision fatigue,” a psychological phenomenon that on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.

Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.

But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It’s as if there’s something fun and liberating about making someone else’s choice.”

Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman. “When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状), he says. But the status quo can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome.”

In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼)of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”

Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself, Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.

What does the author say about people making decisions?

A.They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.

B.They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.

C.They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.

D.They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.

What does the example about the physicians illustrate?

A.Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.

B.Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients’health.

C.Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.

D.Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.

When do people feel less decision fatigue?

A.When they take decision shortcuts.

B.When they help others to make decisions.

C.When they have major decisions to make.

D.When they have advisers to turn to.

What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?

A.They turn to physicians for advice.

B.They tend to make risky decisions.

C.They adopt a totally new perspective.

D.They refrain from trying anything new.

What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?

A.It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.

B.It is likely to entail serious consequences.

C.It will enable people to be more creative.

D.It will more often than not end in regret.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

ones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion&39;s patience.

But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn&39;t take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it&39;s bad for you, and we&39;re not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.

Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people&39;s enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they&39;re doing more, not less.

"What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you&39;re looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."

Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn&39;t.

Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you&39;re looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological(考古的)museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.

To the relief of Instagrammers(Instagram用户)everywhere, it can even makes meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren&39;t told to take photos.

Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."

What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?

A.It was a painstaking effort for recording life’s major events.

B.It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.

C.It was a good way to preserve one’s precious images.

D.It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.

Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out __________.A.what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takers

B.whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeing

C.how it could help to enrich people’s life experiences

D.Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing

What do the results of Diehl’s experiments show that people taking photos?A.They are distracted from what they are doing.

B.They can better remember what they see or do.

C.They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.

D.They can have a better understanding of the world.

What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A.They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.

B.They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.

C.They have a better view of what are on display.

D.They follow the historical events more easily.

What do we learn from the last paragraph?A.It is better to make plans before taking photos.

B.Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.

C.Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.

D.Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?

In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomple te, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.

While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.

The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.

In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.

The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.

What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?

A.It is based on questionable statistics.

B.It reflects the economic changes.

C.It evidences the improved welfare.

D.It provides much food for thought.

What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?

A.It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.

B.It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary peopled livelihood.

C.It focuses on people’s consumption rather than their average income.

D.It is a more comprehensi ve measure of people’s economic well-being.

What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real consumption per person?

A.It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.

B.It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.

C.It covered up the differences between individual citizens.

D.It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.

What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?

A.It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.

B.It can help to ra ise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.

C.It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.

D.It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.

What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being?

A.It is much better than that of their European counterparts.

B.It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.

C.It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.

D.It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

___.

A.the span of the wings

B.the shape ofthe eyes

C.the texture of the feathers

D.thesize of the brain

Preparing for Computer Disasters

A： Summary： When home office computers go down， many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately， taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.

B： Fires， power surges， and floods， they&39;re all facts of life. We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news. We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck. We also shake our heads at the digital consequences—melted computers， system failures， destroyed data. Yet， somehow， many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial： "It won&39;t happen to me." Well， the truth is， at some point you&39;ll probably have to deal with at least one disaster. That&39;s just how it goes， and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make disaster plans and run drills. But for some reason， computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us. It shouldn&39;t be. Home computers contain some of our most important information， both business and personal， and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority. Moreover， even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption. Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household. We use them to communicate， shop， and do homework， and they&39;re even more vital to home office users. When home office computers go down， many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately， taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward. With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools， you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters. And， should a major calamity strike， you can rest assured your data is safe.

Offsite Storage： Major Disasters

C： House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction. That&39;s why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives， many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn. That&39;s because they keep their backups in relatively close to their computers. Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they&39;re not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike. So， it&39;s important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.

D： There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium. Disaster situations are stressful， and your recovery tools shouldn&39;t add to that stress. They must be dependable and intuitive， making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch. They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium. Depending on your tools， you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers. Although many of these storage media have high capacity， a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus， eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.

E： Once you select your tools and a suitable medium， you need to find a remote place to store your backups. The options are endless. However， no matter where you choose， be sure the site is secure， easily accessible， and a good distance away from your home. You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service. More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers， and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage. Of course， before using one of these services， make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods. Whatever you do， schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.

Come What May： Handling the Garden Variety Computer Crisis

F： Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster. Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information. Systems crash， kids "rearrange" data， adults inadvertently delete files. Although these events might not seem calamitous， they can have serious implications. So， once again， it&39;s important to be prepared. As with physical disasters， regular backups are essential. However， some of these smaller issues require a response that&39;s more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration. To deal with less-than-total disaster， your tool set must be both powerful and agile. For example， when a small number of files are compromised， you may want to retrieve those files alone. Meanwhile， if just your settings are affected， you&39;ll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup. Yet， should your operating system fail， you&39;ll need a way to boot your computer and perform. large-scale recovery. Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes， and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.

The Right Tools for the Right Job： Gearing up for Disaster G： When disaster strikes， the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind. Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions. Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes， failed installations， and inadvertent deletions. With this powerful and convenient solution， it&39;s simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state. Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution. Equipped to handle full-scale backups， it&39;s also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades. A favorite choice for IT professionals， it&39;s the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office. You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately， or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.

H： Life&39;s disasters， large and small， often catch us by surprise. However， with a little planning and the right tools， you can reduce those disasters to bumps in the road. So， don&39;t wait another day. Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools， set up an automatic backup schedule， and perform. a dry run every now and again. Then， rest easy.

1. You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.

2. For some reason， computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.

3. You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.

4. The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.

5. It&39;s necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.

6. You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.

7. Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.

8. The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.

9. The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.

10. You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.

according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 快餐在中国十分流行，它是现代快节奏社会的最佳反映;

2. 快餐受欢迎有两条原因。然而，从营养角度来讲，快餐却差强人意;

3. 对快餐还是以偶尔品尝为宜。