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Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It’s as if there’s something fun and liberating about making someone else’s choice.”
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman. “When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状), he says. But the status quo can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼)of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”
Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself, Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
What does the author say about people making decisions？
A.They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.
B.They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
C.They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
D.They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
What does the example about the physicians illustrate？
A.Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.
B.Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients’health.
C.Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.
D.Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.
When do people feel less decision fatigue？
A.When they take decision shortcuts.
B.When they help others to make decisions.
C.When they have major decisions to make.
D.When they have advisers to turn to.
What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in？
A.They turn to physicians for advice.
B.They tend to make risky decisions.
C.They adopt a totally new perspective.
D.They refrain from trying anything new.
What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making？
A.It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.
B.It is likely to entail serious consequences.
C.It will enable people to be more creative.
D.It will more often than not end in regret.
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
更多“If you’ve ever started a sentence with, “If I were you...” or found yourself scratching yo”相关的问题
第1题
A．Great! But I wonder if you have one more ticket so that I can bring my sister along.
B．All right. When will it start？
C．Sunday？ Gee, I'd love to, but it's my mom's birthday.
D．Thanks ever so much.
第2题
听力原文：M: Sit down, please. Miss Jenkins.
W: Thank you, sir.
M: Well, I'd like to start our conversation with some questions. Shall I start？
W: Sure.
M: Can you type, Miss Jenkins？
W: Yes, I can.
M: How many words a minute？
W: Fifty.
M: Hmm. Have you ever learned how to operate office computers？
W: Yes, I have. I worked for two years as a computer operator in a school.
M: Good. Are you familiar with other modern equipment, the fax machine, printer, and things like that？ W: I don't think there's any problem for me to work on these machines, You know, sir, I've even learned shorthand.
M: You have？ That's good. And you speak foreign languages, do you？
W: Yes, I speak German and French.
M: Do you speak Italian？
W: No, I don't speak Italian. But I speak Chinese.
M: Really？ We have branches in Beijing and Shanghai.
W: You mean I have the Job？
M: Wait, wait, Miss Jenkins. I have to talk to the general manager before a final decision is made.
W: I see. When can I know the result？
M: In about 2 weeks, I think.
W: Thank you very much.
M: Goodbye, Miss Jenkins
W: Goodbye.
(23)
A．A formal talk between the boss and his secretary.
B．An informal talk between two friends.
C．A formal talk between a professor and a student.
D．An interview between the interviewer and the job applicant.
第3题
W: Great!
M: I guess you haven't ever been to a hockey game.
W: Yes. But I've read a few things about it in the papers. What time does it start, David？
M: Six o'clock sharp. But we should get there a little before that if we want to see a warm-up.
W: Warm-up？
M: The players prepare for the game by doing some skating and shooting before it starts to loose up.
W: OK! We'll have an early dinner and meet inside the front entrance. How about 5:15 ？
M: That's fine.
W: That'll let us pick up the tickets, and find our seats to watch the warm-up.
What are they talking about？
A．Who to play game.
B．How to watch a hockey game.
C．Where to have a dinner after a hockey game.
第6题
None of it ever happens, of course, or very little; but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about golden youth is the feeling that from eighteen on, it is all downhill; a determination to be better adults than the present job-takers is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.
Right, so then you get some of what you want, or something like it, or something that will do all right, and for years you are too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond the day when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed and the later moment when they actually bring you hot tea, not mostly slopped in the saucer. However, I have now discovered an even sweeter category of ambition. When my children are grown up...
When my children are grown up, I'll learn to fly a plane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do "go pop" there will be at least no little ones to suffer shock and grief; that even if the worst does come, I'll at least escape a long stay in hospital and all that looking for your glasses in order to see where you've left your teeth. When the children are grown up I'll actually be able to do a day's work in a day, instead of spreading over three, and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the moon. When I'm grown up--when they're grown up--I'll be free.
Of course. I know it is not to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-old, I'm told, don't go to bed at seven, so you don't ever get your evenings; once they're past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep. Of course, you've got even more to worry about.
What interests the writer about the young is that they ______.
A．have so many unselfish ambitions
B．have such long-term ambitions
C．don't all want to be spacemen
D．all long for adult pleasures
第7题
A.already
B.yet
C.ever
D.never
第8题
A．refer to
B．count on
C．cope with
D．run into
第9题
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文： (I -- Interviewer; M -- Michael)
I: With all your experience of interviewing, Michael, how can you tell if somebody is going to make a good interviewer？
M: Oh, I say, what a question! I've never been asked that before. Um...I think that the prerequisite obviously is curiosity; I think that's the, er, a natural one, not an assumed one. I think the people who have um done my job, and the graveyard of the BBC is littered with them, their tombstones are there, you know, who failed, have been because basically they've not been journalists. Um, my training was in journalism, I've been 26 years a journalist and, er, to be a journalist argues that you like meeting people to start with, and also you want to find out about them. So that's the prerequisite. After that, I think there's something else coming into it, into play, and I think again, most successful journalists have it. It's a curious kind of affinity with people; it's an ability to get on with people; it's a kind of body warmth, if you like. If you knew the secret of it and could bottle it and sell it, you'd make a fortune.
I: When you've done an interview yourself, how do you feel whether it's been a good interview or not good interview？
M: I can never really er tell on air. I have to watch it back, because television depends so much on your director getting the right shot, the right reaction -- you can't; it's amazing. Sometimes I think "Oh, that's a boring interview" and just because of the way my director shot it, and shot reaction, he's composed a picture that's made it far more interesting than it actually was.
I: How do you bring out the best in people？ Because you always seem to manage to, not only relax them, but somehow get right into the depths of them.
M: By research. By knowing when you go into a television studio, more about the guest in front of you than they've forgotten about themselves. And, I mean that's pure research. I mean, you probably use, in a 20-minute interview, I probably use, oh, a 20th of the int...of the research material that I've absorbed, but that's what you've got to have to do. I mean I once interviewed Robert Mitchum for 75-minutes and the longest reply I got from him was "yes". And that, that's the only time I've used every ounce of research and every question that I've ever thought of, and a few that I hadn't thought of as well. But that really is the answer -- it's research. When people say to you, you know, "Oh you go out and wing it." I mean that's nonsense. If anybody ever tries to tell you that as an interviewer just starting, that you wing it, there's no such thing. It's all preparation; it's knowing exactly what you're going to do at any given point and knowing what you want from the person.
I: And does that include sticking to written questions or do you deviate？
M: No, I mean what you do is you have an aide memoir, I have. My, my list of questions aren't questions as such; they're areas that I block out, and indeed, I can't remember, I can't recall, apart from the aforesaid Mr. Mitchum experience, when I've ever stuck to that at all. Because, quite often you'll find that they spin off into areas that you've not really thought about and perhaps it's worth pursuing sometimes. The job is very much like, actually, a traffic cop; you're like you're on point duty and you're, you know when you're directing the flow of traffic, well you're directing the flow of conversation, that's basically what you're doing, when you're doing a talk-show, in my view.
I: Have you got a last word of encouragement for any young people setting out on what they'd like to be a career as an
A．Professional knowledge.
B．Experience in the area.
C．Curiosity about interviews.
D．Enthusiasm about the job.
第10题
A．refer to
B．count on
C．cope with
D．run into
第11题
听力原文：W: Please sit down. Let's see. You're Mr. Brown, is that right？
M: Right. I'll graduate from college next June.
W: Have you ever done any work in this field？
M: No, never. We did some practice work in class.
W: You seem to be doing well at college. What kind of pay do you hope to get？
M: From what I've read, it seems that the pay at the beginning would, be around $12,000 a year.
W: Here we would start at $10,500 for the first year of training. Then you would get $15,000. After that it would depend on how well you work.
M: That sounds fair enough. What about other things, like vacation？
W: Those are all explained in this paper. You can take it along and look at it at home.
M: Do you really think I can get a job here？ I really hope that I can work here. But I guess I'll just have to go home and wait.
W: Well, I'm talking to three people today and four tomorrow. The company will be hiring two people. You'll hear sometime next month. Good luck and thanks for coming today.
How much does the man want to be paid a year at the beginning？
A．$15,000.
B．$12,000.
C．$10,500.
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